Our results indicate that natural antioxidants in jussara berry oil protect emulsions from oxidation while keeping physical stability unchanged. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.

The production of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) in Brazil developed quite recently, and information on commercial Brazilian EVOO’s typical features is very scarce. In just one of the previously published works on Brazilian olive oil, the assessed samples were commercially available. In this study, a comprehensive characterization of EVOO samples acquired at local stores (at Rio de Janeiro and Rio Grande do Sul, from the two most prevalent cultivars, Arbequina and Koroneiki) was carried out considering the most relevant quality parameters, antioxidant capacity, oxidative stability, total phenolic content, fatty acid composition, and minor component metabolic profiling. The latter included: (1) the determination of individual phenolic compounds (belonging to four diverse chemical classes) and triterpenic acids by means of a powerful multi-class reversed-phase LC-MS method; (2) the quantitative profiling of tocopherols, phytosterols, and pigments by normal-phase LC-DAD/fluorescence; and (3) the quantitative appraisal of the volatile pattern of the oils by solid-phase microextraction (SPME)-gas chromatography (GC)-MS. By applying these methods, the concentrations of approximately 70 minor compounds were determined in commercial EVOOs from Brazil. To the best of our knowledge, the content of a very large number of phenolic compounds of those determined in the current report (mainly secoiridoids), the three triterpenic acids (maslinic, betulinic, and oleanolic acids), and the individual chlorophyll derivatives had not been previously evaluated in Brazilian EVOOs. The present work provides a broad picture of the compositional profile and other parameters of relevance of selected commercial Brazilian EVOOs available on local markets, describing their typicity and most particular features, some of which are known to have potential impacts on consumers’ health.

One of the greatest challenges in anti-doping science is the large number of substances available and the difficulty in finding the best analytical targets to detect their misuse. Therefore, metabolism studies involving prohibited substances are fundamental. However, metabolism studies in humans could face an important ethical bottleneck, especially for non-approved substances. An emerging model for metabolism assessment is the zebrafish, due to its genetic similarities with humans. In the present study, the ability of adult zebrafish to produce metabolites of sibutramine and stanozolol, substances with a well-known metabolism that are widely used as doping agents in sports, was evaluated. They represent 2 of the most abused classes of doping agents, namely, stimulants and anabolic steroids. These are classes that have been receiving attention because of the upsurge of synthetic analogues, for which the side effects in humans have not been assessed. The samples collected from the zebrafish tank water were hydrolysed, extracted by solid-phase extraction, and analysed by liquid chromatography with high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Adult zebrafish could produce several sibutramine and stanozolol metabolites, including demethylated, hydroxylated, dehydroxylated, and reduced derivatives, all of which have already been detected in human urine. This study demonstrates that adult zebrafish can absorb, oxidise, and excrete several metabolites in a manner similar to humans. Therefore, adult zebrafish seem to be a very promising tool to study human-like metabolism when aiming to find analytical targets for doping control.

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The aims of the present study were to investigate the effect of extraction solvent, using either ethanol or petroleum ether, on the chemical profile and chemical stability of jussara oil. Jussara fruit oil presented high contents of antioxidant compounds, including anthocyanins. Extraction solvent significantly affected the chemical composition of the jussara oils, except for fatty acids and carotenoids, from which oleic acid and β‐carotene, respectively, were predominant in both. Ethanol‐extracted jussara oil showed higher contents of tocopherols (α, β, and γ), chlorophylls, and phenolic compounds, especially anthocyanins. Moreover, ethanol‐extracted jussara oil presented higher oxidative stability and total antioxidant capacity than petroleum ether‐extracted jussara oil. Because of its composition, jussara oil might present potential health benefits. Additionally, the use of the low‐toxicity solvent ethanol to extract oil seems to be an important technique to afford jussara oil with improved nutritional properties and oxidative stability. Practical applications: Value‐added oil was obtained from the jussara fruit (Euterpe edulis), containing, in addition to triacylglycerols, phenolic acids, anthocyanins, tocopherols, β‐carotene, and chlorophyll. Ethanol‐extracted jussara oil was highly stable, due to the high contents of antioxidants. Ethanol extraction proved to be a highly effective mean to obtain value‐added jussara fruit oil. Ethanol and petroleum ether are used to extract jussara oil. Ethanol‐extracted jussara oil is highly stable, as a consequence of the high contents of tocopherols and phenolic compounds, including anthocyanins.