FNAB-Tg improves the diagnostic performance of FNAB-C in LN metastases, even when the latter is unable to diagnose the metastases. For that reason, FNAB-Tg should be included in the monitoring of DTC.

Background Non-paraneoplastic autoimmune retinopathy (npAIR) is a rare autoimmune disease that primarily affects retinal photoreceptor function and results in profound and often times permanent vision loss. Delay in diagnosis and treatment initiation may contribute to the poor visual prognosis. Methods A retrospective chart review of all patients diagnosed with autoimmune retinopathy at the University of Wisconsin-Madison Eye Clinics between January 2012 and January 2017 was performed. Twenty eyes of 15 patients had evidence of any form of autoimmune retinopathy through a combination of symptoms, ocular findings, visual fields, optical coherence tomography, fundus autofluorescence, full-field and multifocal electroretinography, and serum anti-retinal antibodies. Clinical records were also analyzed for demographic data, systemic comorbidities, visual acuity, treatment employed, and disease progression. Results We identified 18 eyes from 13 patients who fit the criteria for non-paraneoplastic autoimmune retinopathy. Sixty-nine percent of patients were female with a mean age of symptom onset of 56.9 ± 20.3 years. Sixty-seven percent of eyes had an associated autoimmune condition, most commonly hypothyroidism. Serum testing revealed a preponderance of antibodies against carbonic anhydrase II, while imaging revealed characteristic changes. Fundus autofluorescence most commonly showed hyperautofluorescence around the macula. The delayed diagnosis led to a larger reduction in the horizontal extent of ellipsoid zone in 1-mm perifoveal area on optical coherence tomography with resulting visual decline. There was no difference in the change of visual acuity when stratifying for patients with autoimmune conditions ( p = 0.52) or treatment status ( p = 0.50). None of the patients who received treatment developed contralateral eye involvement or experienced disease progression based on visual acuity or symptoms. Conclusion Non-paraneoplastic autoimmune retinopathy has a wide and often challenging to diagnose spectrum of clinical symptoms and imaging findings. Immunosuppressive therapy can be considered empiric in the face of a suggestive presentation and can be initiated after an evaluation of clinical findings and multimodal testing, though treatment does not appear to affect regeneration of the ellipsoid zone on OCT or impact visual acuity. Treatment should be primarily used to prevent disease progression and contralateral eye involvement. Trial registration N/A

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Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the significance of disorganization of the retinal inner layers (DRIL) in patients with retinal vein occlusions (RVOs) and whether this is influenced by the choice of antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agent used. Methods: A retrospective chart study was conducted on patients with RVO and center-involved macular edema (ME) presenting to the University of Wisconsin with a minimum follow-up time of 12 months. Medical records were reviewed for demographics, vision, and imaging at baseline and 2 study visits over the course of 1 year. Two masked graders evaluated spectral-domain optical coherence tomography scans for DRIL and other features within the 1-mm-wide area centered on the foveal depression. Results: Twenty-two eyes had DRIL at baseline. DRIL resolved in 10 eyes at the first study visit, and in 2 more eyes at the second study visit. Although we could not establish an association between visual acuity (VA) and DRIL at baseline, we found a more robust correlation between DRIL extent and VA at baseline in eyes with central retinal vein occlusion/hemicentral vein occlusion compared to eyes with branch retinal vein occlusion. There was an association between DRIL improvement at the first study visit and VA improvement at the second study visit ( P = .049). However, this effect was smaller than the effect of initial VA improvement on final VA improvement. No significant difference in DRIL change was observed between the 3 anti-VEGF treatment algorithms: bevacizumab only, aflibercept only, and bevacizumab followed by aflibercept. Additionally, there was no significant correlation between RVO risk factors and change in DRIL over time. Conclusions: In our study, DRIL was not associated with VA in RVO-ME, but its resolution was predictive of VA improvement in response to anti-VEGF therapy. The choice of anti-VEGF agent (bevacizumab, aflibercept or a combination of the 2) did not affect the magnitude of DRIL resolution in RVO.