RESUMO: Objetivo: analisar as evidências disponíveis na literatura sobre as causas de adesão ou não ao tratamento de pacientes hipertensos e/ou diabéticos. Método: revisão integrativa, que selecionou artigos publicados entre 2005 e 2015, localizados por meio dos descritores "adesão à medicação", "cooperação do paciente", "diabetes mellitus tipo 2", "enfermagem" e "hipertensão". As bases consultadas foram Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (Enfermagem), LILACS e PubMed. Resultados: selecionou-se 26 artigos, fatores associados à adesão foram: menor idade, ter estilo de vida saudável e itens relacionados à terapêutica. Dentre os fatores que levaram à pior adesão, destaca-se menor renda, pouco conhecimento sobre a doença e tratamento complexo. Conclusões: os fatores de adesão ao tratamento na hipertensão e diabetes foram relacionados ao paciente, ao tipo de terapêutica e ao sistema de saúde; os quais se constituem em importantes questões a serem abordadas pelos enfermeiros. Descritores: Adesão à medicação; Cooperação do paciente; Diabetes mellitus tipo 2; Enfermagem; Hipertensão.ABSTRACT: Aim: to analyze the scientific literature on the main causes of adherence or not to the treatment of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Method: an integrative literature review, which selected full articles published between 2005 and 2015, detected by the descriptors "medication adherence", "patient compliance"," type 2 diabetes mellitus", "hypertension" and "nursing". The searches were conducted in the Virtual Health Library (Nursing), LILACS and PubMed databases. Results: Twenty-six articles were selected, the factors associated with adherence were: young age, to have a healthy lifestyle and items related to therapy. On the other hand, among the factors that lead to poor adherence, there are lower income, little knowledge about the disease and complex treatment. Conclusions: the adherence factors to the treatment of hypertension and diabetes are related to the patient, to the type of treatment and health system, which constitute important issues to be approached by nurses.
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