-The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of KMnO 4 on the extension of postharvest life of 'Sunrise Golden' papaya, stored under modified atmosphere and refrigeration. Fruit with up to 10% yellow peel were harvested in a commercial orchard in Linhares, state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Sets of three fruit (unit mass of 289.9±18.5 g) were wrapped in low-density polyethylene films (28 μm thick) containing sachets of KMnO 4 at 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 g per bag. The bags were sealed and stored at 10.4±0.9°C and 90±5% relative humidity for 25 days. After this period, the fruit were removed from the bags and maintained at 21±0.8°C and 90±5% relative humidity until complete ripening. Four days after bag sealing, CO 2 concentration stabilized in all treatments, and was higher in bags without KMnO 4 . In all treatments, fruit reached the climacteric respiratory peak on the third day after bag removal, coinciding with peel color index of 3.5. Increasing the KMnO 4 dose reduced the losses in fruit fresh matter, consistency and pulp electrolyte leakage. Potassium permanganate was effective in maintaining the fruit at the pre-climacteric stage during the 25-day storage, and did not interfere with normal ripening after bag removal.Index terms: Carica papaya, ethylene absorber, modified atmosphere, ripening, shelf life, storage. Permanganato de potássio na conservação pós-colheita da cultivar de mamão Sunrise GoldenResumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos do KMnO 4 na extensão da vida pós-colheita da cultivar de mamão Sunrise Golden, armazenada em atmosfera modificada e refrigeração. Frutos com até 10% da área superficial da casca amarela foram colhidos em pomar comercial em Linhares, ES. Conjuntos de três frutos (massa unitária de 289,9±18,5g) foram acondicionados em filmes de polietileno de baixa densidade (28 µm de espessura), com sachês de KMnO 4 nas doses de 0, 0,5, 1, 1,5, e 2 g por embalagem. As embalagens foram hermeticamente fechadas e armazenadas a 10,4±0,9°C e 90±5% de umidade relativa (UR), por 25 dias. Após esse período, os frutos foram retirados das embalagens e armazenados a 21±0,8°C e 90±5% de UR até o completo amadurecimento. A concentração de CO 2 estabilizou-se, em todos os tratamentos, no quarto dia após o fechamento das embalagens e foi maior nas embalagens sem KMnO 4 . Os frutos de todos os tratamentos atingiram o pico climatérico respiratório no terceiro dia após a retirada das embalagens, o que coincidiu com o índice de cor da casca 3,5. O aumento da dose de KMnO 4 resultou em menor perda de matéria fresca do fruto, menor perda de consistência e menor extravasamento de eletrólitos da polpa. O KMnO 4 foi eficiente em manter os frutos no estádio pré-climatérico, durante os 25 dias de armazenamento, e não interferiu no amadurecimento normal após a retirada da embalagem.Termos para indexação: Carica papaya, absorvedor de etileno, atmosfera modificada, amadurecimento, vida de prateleira, armazenamento.

Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii are related parasites. The former is a common cause of abortion in dairy cattle. The latter has not been conclusively demonstrated in bovine fetuses. During the course of attempts to isolate N. caninum from aborted fetuses, T. gondii was isolated from 2 aborted fetuses, 1 from Portugal and 1 from the United States. Both isolates were made by bioassay of fetal brains in mice. The fetus from Portugal was about 5 mo in gestational age, and the fetus from the United States was a full-term stillborn.

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The B subunit of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LTB), a nontoxic molecule with potent biological properties, is a powerful mucosal and parenteral adjuvant that induces a strong immune response against co-administered or coupled antigens. In this paper, the effect of LTB on the humoral immune response to recombinant BCG (rBCG) vaccination was evaluated. Isogenic mice were immunized with rBCG expressing the R1 repeat region of the P97 adhesin of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae alone (rBCG/R1) or fused to LTB (rBCG/LTBR1). Anti-R1 systemic antibody levels (IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, IgG3, IgM, and IgA) were measured by ELISA using recombinant R1 as antigen. With the exception of IgM, LTB doubled the anti-R1 antibody levels in rBCG vaccination. The IgG1/IgG2a mean ratio showed that both rBCG/LTBR1 and rBCG/R1 induced a mixed Th1/Th2 immune response. Interestingly, anti-R1 serum IgA was induced only by rBCG/LTBR1. These results demonstrate that LTB has an adjuvant effect on the humoral immune response to recombinant antigens expressed in BCG.

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