Background:Relapse prevention is a medical intervention designed for educating cognitive and behavioral skills to avoid continued drug abuse and relapse.Objectives:This study examined high risk situations for relapse for self-referred addicts are related in Bushehr province substance abuse treatment centers.Patients and Methods:The present study is descriptive cross-sectional. The sample size consisted of 609 self-referred addicts to Bushehr province substance abuse centers. IDTS Marlatt questionnaire was used. Analytical and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data.Results:The findings showed that 73.1% of addicts have used substance during the past 12 months, and 72% have experienced a full relapse. Unpleasant emotions and physical discomfort was the most important reason for relapse and testing personal control and pleasure emotions the least important reason. Interpersonal factors have also a great role in this regard.Conclusions:Considering the high rates of relapse, more attention should be paid to reasons for relapse. It seems necessary that both clinical and psychological approaches would be undertaken simultaneously.

Background: The level of serum uric acid, as an important endogenous antioxidant, may be correlated to the different phases of mood disorders. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare serum uric acid levels before and after treatment in patients with acute mania and depression. Patients and Methods: We measured serum uric acid in 33 manic and 10 depressed hospitalized patients, both before and after treatment. Mood disorder was diagnosed according to the DSM-IV criteria. Manic or depressive scores were measured with the Young Mania Rating Scale or the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, respectively. Uric acid levels were compared in the acute and remission phases of the mood disorder, and the relationship of uric acid levels with the onset of response was analyzed. Results: Serum uric acid levels were increased after bipolar disorder treatment. Serum uric acid levels were increased after bipolar disorder treatment. Moreover, depressed patients with lower uric acid levels had a faster onset of response. The uric acid levels in the acute mania patients were higher than in the acute depression patients. Conclusions: The remission phase, in comparison to acute mania or depression, had higher levels of uric acid. Moreover, lower serum uric acid may correlate to a faster response in depressed patients. These results may support the roles of the purinergic system and of oxidative stress in the treatment of mood disorders.

Introduction:The anti-inflammatory drugs are associated with some side effects. The herbal medicine has fewer side effects. In the present study, the anti-inflammatory effects of the alcoholic extract of Cyperus rotundus were investigated on acute inflammation in male mice. Methods: In this experimental study, 30 mice were randomly assigned into 5 groups of 6, including the solvent group (physiological serum), the control group (carrageenan only), 2 groups of 100 and 300 mg/kg extract, and the last group received ibuprofen. Inflammation in mice with subcutaneous injection of 0.25 ml of 0.5% solution of carrageenan was created into the animal's foot. Results:The results of this study showed that the mean of changes in inflammation was significant among the groups (P < 0.001). The process of inflammatory changes in all tested groups was initially increased and its maximum value was 2 hours after injection. Then, the process of reduction of inflammation started at the same time reducing the inflammation in the treatment groups with extract significantly compared to the negative and positive control groups It happened faster (P ≤ 0.01). Conclusions: The present study showed that Cyperus rotundus extract has significant anti-inflammatory effects; however, additional researches are needed to understand the possible mechanism of this effect.