Background:The efficacy of clinical examinations, and hematologic, hemostatic, and serum biochemical assessments to determine appropriate early medical or surgical therapy in Arabian horses with colic have not been well-described. Objectives:We aimed to evaluate clinical and hematologic findings, coagulation-fibrinolytic parameters, and organ dysfunction markers in association with survival in horses with colic.Methods: Seventeen Arabian horses with colic and ten healthy horses were enrolled.After clinical examinations, including heart rates (HRs), capillary refill times (CRTs), abdominal sounds, rectal palpations, and nasogastric (NG) reflux assessments in both healthy and diseased horses, blood samples were collected and hematologic parameters, coagulation indices such as the prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), plasma d-dimer (PDD), platelet count, fibrinogen, and hepatorenal biomarkers were measured. Based on the outcomes, horses with colic were divided into survival (10) and nonsurvival (7) groups, and all mentioned parameters were compared with the control group horses.Results: Unlike HRs, CRTs, and abdominal sounds, rectal palpations (57.1%) and NG reflux (28.6%) findings were least sensitive in being able to determine survival. At least three of the five coagulation indices were significantly abnormal (prolonged PT, increased PDD, and decreased plasma fibrinogen) in 71.4% of the horses in the nonsurvival group compared with the control and survival groups. Significantly increased urea, creatinine, and bilirubin levels, and AST activities were also observed in the survival group compared with the control and nonsurvival groups. Conclusions:The combination of prolonged PT, increased PDD, and hypofibrinogenemia could be a reliable predictor of survival in horses with colic. The significant renal and hepatic dysfunctions in nonsurviving horses with colic appeared to be consistent with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and a grave prognosis. K E Y W O R D S Arabian horse, coagulation profile, d-dimer, hypofibrinogenemia, PT How to cite this article: Nikvand AA, Jalali SM, Ghadrdan Mashhadi A, Razi Jalali M, Hassanpour Amirabadi S. Clinical, hematologic, hemostatic, and serum biochemical findings related to survival in Arabian horses with colic. Vet Clin

Assay of Maillard reaction products (e.g. furosine) is a reputable method for determination of the honey freshness. In this report, novel optical technique is proposed for real-time measurement of the changes of furosine content in honey. The method is based on the unidirectional energy transfer between two peaks of the doubled-peak fluorescence spectrum as secondary inner filter effect (2nd-IFE) in a specific arrangement of the laser induced fluorescence (LIF) setup. Proper optical parameters are defined accordingly, and affirmed to be dependent on the content of furosine in honey. It is shown that the introduced parameters are not sensitive to the LIF intensity fluctuations induced by the ambient noises and particularly alter due to the 2nd-IFE. Furosine level of 8 honey types with different botanical origin were chemically determined before and after the 1 year storage, and compared with the values of the devised spectral parameters. Proofs conducted that the proposed technique can be utilized for evaluation of the honey freshness.

This study was designed to evaluate serum and electrocardiographic (ECG) changes in cattle with foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). Thirty-two cows with clinical signs of FMD and 13 healthy cows were randomly enrolled. After blood sampling, ECG was performed on 23 of the 32 ill cows. Serum circulatory troponin I (cTnI), CPK, LDH, and CK-MB activities were determined in the patient and control groups. Arrhythmias including ventricular tachycardia (VT), sinus tachycardia (ST), atrial fibrillation (AF), and premature ventricular complex (PVC) were seen in 4, 4, 2, and 1 of the patients, respectively. The patients had higher cTnI levels than the control group (P = 0.05). A significant rise in cTnI was observed in patient cows with VT (0.86 ± 0.33; P < 0.01) and AF (0.22 ± 0.01 ng/mL; P < 0.05) in comparison with the control group (0.14 ± 0.04 ng/mL). The most significant finding of this study was the death of all of the cows with VT. It appears that the cause of death in the cows with VT was cardiac impairment, which was marked by serum cTnI elevation. It can be concluded that cows with VT have a grave prognosis. In some FMD cases with an increase in cTnI, AF was also observed, but with a fairly good prognosis.

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