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Lead oxide (PbO) is known as an important industrial material. It is a semiconductor that has two crystalline forms, litharge (tetragonal crystalline structure) and massicot (orthorhombic crystalline structure). In this research, lead oxide nanoparticles (PbO-NPs) have been synthesized through the utilization of gelatin as a stabilizer, while its cytotoxic effects were investigated on Neueo2A cancer cell line. The generation of PbO-NPs was confirmed by the UV-Vis spectroscopy, PXRD, TG-DTA, EDX, and FESEM. The results of diffraction patterns of synthesized nanoparticles show the formation of both form α-PbO-NPs (tetragonal) and β-PbO-NPs (orthorhombic). The particles size of synthesized PbO-NPs was calculated to be around 10-20 nm. The cytotoxic activity of the synthesized PbO-NPs indicated that concentrations under 30 μg/mL have insignificant toxicity.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute toxic potential of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNPs) synthesized by pullulan in adult male Wistar rats. Patients and methods Thirty male Wistar rats randomly were divided into five experimental groups of six animals each. The animals were received 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg CNPs for 14 consecutive days. At the end of the experiment, the rats were euthanized and histopathological evaluation of the liver and renal tissues, as well ass, the markers of serum oxidative stress including thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, total sulfhydryl content, and antioxidant capacity (using ferric reducing/antioxidant power assay) were assessed. Hematological parameters and the activity of liver function enzymes were also measured. Results The results of this study showed that CNPs caused no significant changes in the activity of liver enzymes, hepatic and renal histopathology and hematological parameters, while significantly improved serum redox status. Conclusion Acute administration of pullulan-mediated CNPs is safe and possess antioxidant activity.

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