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Objectives: To identify correlates of alcohol related assault injury in the city centre of a European capital city, with particular reference to emergency department (ED) and police interventions, and number and capacity of licensed premises. Methods: Assaults resulting in ED treatment were studied using a longitudinal controlled intervention, a three stage design during a three year period of rapid expansion in the night-time economy, when ED initiated targeted police interventions were delivered. A controlled ED intervention targeted at high risk night-clubs was carried out. Main outcome measure was ED treatment after assault in licensed premises and the street. Results: Targeted police intervention was associated with substantial reductions in assaults in licensed premises but unexpected increases in street assault were also observed (34% overall: 105% in the principal entertainment thoroughfare). Combined police/ED intervention was associated with a significantly greater reduction compared with police intervention alone (OR = 0.61, 95% CI 0.40 to 0.91). Street assault correlated significantly with numbers and capacity of premises. Risk of assault was 50% greater in and around licensed premises in the city centre compared with those in the suburbs, although dispersion of violence to more licensed premises was not observed. Conclusions: Marked decreases in licensed premises assaults resulting from targeted policing were enhanced by the intervention of ED and maxillofacial consultants. Capacity of licensed premises was a major predictor of assaults in the city centre street in which they are clustered. City centre assault injury prevention can be achieved through police/ED interventions targeted at high risk licensed premises, which should also target the streets around which these premises are clustered. V iolence and disorder is concentrated in relatively small city centre entertainment areas, 1 occurring most frequently in and around pubs and clubs on weekend nights.2 It involves large numbers of young adults, typically men, nearly all of whom have consumed alcohol.2-4 It is a major public health concern 5 6 involving both the offenders and the injured. 4 7 Although alcohol related violence has always been a problem in urban societies, in the past two decades in the UK, there has been a substantial investment by the entertainment and alcohol industries resulting in greatly increased numbers, capacity, and popularity of entertainment district bars and nightclubs.Large numbers of alcohol related assaults that result in treatment in emergency departments (EDs) are not reported to, or recorded by, the police.8 Thus EDs have an important role to play in surveillance and sharing information, 9-11 particularly in identifying and auditing hotspot licensed premises and the streets around which these are clustered. ED personnel also have the potential, based on this knowledge, to do more than just collect information-for example, to advocate and lead assault reduction initiatives in collaboration with the police and l...

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