Gender based sociological and linguistic studies show that differences exist in communication style of men and women, boys and girls. Although many gender stereotypes have changed with modernization and awareness about gender issues however common assumption is that ‘girls are talkative’ and boys are ‘less emotional’. In the context of transitions in culture and society, this study explored verbal and nonverbal communication differences among male and female university students. Using purposive sampling method, male and female students were observed in three types of groups sitting at different social spots in University of Karachi. In total 30 male and 30 female students were observed for verbal and nonverbal communication. The units of observations were Paralanguage (words, pitch, volume, speaking rate) for verbal communication and gestures, facial expressions, eye contact, distance and space when sitting and standing. Results showed that overall both boys and girls were talkative and used slang language within same sex groups. However, the topic of discussion was personal for girls and politics for boys. Females kept a space and distance while sitting and standing as compared to boys. Within groups, male and female student’s body language showed superiority. The study has limitations therefore generalization of results for other gender-typed situations are not promising. Future studies could examine in other situations where status and power difference exist within relationships.

Sexual harassment in the work place including political sphere is widespread in Pakistan but actual number of cases are not available, issue is still under the carpet. This unwanted and annoying sex-related behaviour and concealing phenomena is the part of all professions. The present study explored the contemporary status of harassment in Pakistani women political workers. For this exploratory research the data has collected from 200 women political workers through survey method with purposive and snow ball sampling procedures. The quantitative data has collected in different areas of Karachi. Findings of the study revealed that all respondents women have faced verbal and non-verbal harassment during election, demonstrations and their workplace as well. The results of the research shows that empowered women have no courage to report this heinous crime due to social pressure or fear because they do not want to destroy their chastity. In Pakistan, female participation in all professions including political sphere is increasing constantly and immediate need to address the issue of harassment at world of work.

The Kasur child sexual abuse scandal is horrific. 280 children from 2010 to 2014 were forced to have sex while being filmed and 400 movies were leaked out. In a village of Kasur Hussain Khanwala a gang of 25 men who used the hundreds of videos they produced to blackmail the youngsters' parents, according to Latif Ahmed Sara, a lawyer and activist representing the victims. This also indicates the irresponsibility and carelessness of local police and politicians. According to Human Rights Commission these sex tapes were made for commercial purposes. The tapes that were made then used to blackmail the parents of the victims into keeping quiet and into giving money to the paedophilia ring. These tapes were also being sold to locals in the town for Rs 50 and even, according to one report, were being sold to paedophile websites overseas.

Rape is a form of violence which exists from the ancient times in history. But it has been used to express power over women by men. Although we believe in Islam, which give us a charter of human rights long before it was recognized by the world, it has been interpreted to support some ideas which are misquoted or not explained with their contexts. Similar condition is in the case of marital rape which is an issue not acknowledged in Pakistan. This issue was initially raised by women rights activists. The issue is hushed up because it is considered that once married women give up her right on her body. Since forced sexual relations between a husband and wife are not legally considered cases of “rape” the question arises whether or not a wife herself views the incident as a “rape”. There are two important issues, which must be researched in the case of marital rape. The first area is victim offender relations and the second considers the element of power.

Pakistan is signatory to international commitments to promote gender equality and equity. This has seen introduction of a number of gender mainstreaming policy initiatives in the last ten years. Despite these initiatives gender mainstreaming still needs a lot to do in all sectors of policy. Therefore, aim of this research is to analyze the policies of health sector and analyze the extent to which it has been adapted to gender needs. For secondary analysis the original policy documents and other reports and studies related to the health sector were analyzed. Gender Reform Action Plan (GRAP) was also analyzed which is the main instrument through which the government of Pakistan seeks to address the deep rooted gender inequality in Pakistani society. Analysis shows that the redressing discrimination on gender biasness is necessary to ensure equality and equity to less class privileged groups. Results also show that in health policy the gender component is included but superficially. If policies do not consciously aim to reduce inequalities as their primary target, whether these inequalities are in the form of income/asset distribution, in access to effective social protection, or by way of legal citizenship rights, these policies will necessarily result in discrimination. Eliminating the social and economic hurdles that obstruct equality must be the foundation of every policy intention, otherwise policy initiatives will merely end up duplicating and reinforcing existing discrimination against marginalised sectors, especially women, minorities and the poor.