Our results show that a high level of c-kit expression occurs frequently in invasive breast cancer, and its expression is associated with ER but unrelated to other clinico-pathological variables.

This study aimed to determine the location and development of the vermiform appendix (VA) in terms of morphometry. It was carried out on 80 human fetuses that exhibited neither external pathology nor anomaly and whose gestational ages were between 10 and 40 weeks. The location of the VA and cecum was established. Total VA diameter, lumen diameter, wall thickness, serosa, muscularis and mucosa thickness were measured on microscope slides. The VA was almost always observed in the subcecal region during the fetal period. The length of the VA and the attachment length of the meso-appendix to the VA increased with the gestational age. Lymphocyte aggregation was first seen at the 17th week of the fetal period. Positive and meaningful correlation was found between gestational age and morphometric parameters of the VA. A significant difference was found between the genders in the thickness of mucosa, which was larger in girls (p<0.05). When the proximal, median and distal parts were compared, the thickness of serosa between the proximal and distal parts was also significantly different (p<0.05). The present study has revealed that the VA matures in the second trimester during the fetal period. Furthermore, the morphologic development of the VA is almost uniform from the proximal to distal part.

Primary epithelioid sarcoma (ES) of the vulva is an extremely rare tumor, and to date, only 20 cases have been reported. We report the second case of vulvar ES presenting in pregnancy. A 25-year-old woman, at 6 weeks of gestation, was diagnosed as having vulvar sarcoma and was referred to our hospital. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that the tumor cells were positive for cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), and wimentin. The tumor cells did not stain for S-100, SMA, HMB-45, desmin, LCA, CD-34, or estrogen and progesterone receptors. The tumor showed diffuse and strong staining for CD-117 (c-kit). After the curettage, she underwent local wide excision and left inguinal lymph node dissection and received external-beam radiation therapy. At 16 months of follow-up the patient was well without any disease recurrence. The appropriate treatment of vulvar ES is not clear, and the role of chemotherapy is disappointing; however, it might be worth investigating the role of Imatinib in c-kit overexpressing vulvar ES.

Herein, 2 cases of megacystis secondary to myenteric plexus pathology are reported. Unlike the entity of visceral myopathy, there was ganglion cell loss both in the bladder and in the colon of these 2 cases. Moreover, they did not present any gastrointestinal symptoms. Megacystis was the common pathology in these patients, whereas 1 of them suffered from unilateral vesicoureteral reflux. We could not find any similar report dealing with this phenomenon up to this time in the literature.

Introduction: Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation (CPAM), known as Congenital Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation (CCAM) is a rare abnormality with prevalence of 1: 25000-35000. The lung lesion appears prenatal as a cyst in the chest and made up of nonfunctional lung tissue that continues to grow. After retrieving publication/database, to our knowledge, this is the first case of CPAM in Indonesia. Diagnosis of CCAM is either pre/post natal, using ultrasonography of pregnant mother or MRI. The neonatal outcome depends on factors: hydropsfetalis, microcystic and lesion size. Mortality rate of baby ranges from 9-49%. CCAM complication: recurrent infections, pneumothorax and malignancy. Definitive therapy is surgical excision.Case report:A-23 month old male baby diagnosed with CCAM during prenatal period. The mother was in 17 weeks pregnancy, underwent ultrasonography and revealed CCAM. The abnormality was on lower right lung. Mediastinal shift developed during 20week of gestation and required intrauterine thoracentesis. The baby suffered from hydropsfetalis. Thoracentesis performed three times: 20, 22, 26 week gestation. The outcome of treatment was good, the hydrops fetalis improved. However, the baby was born pretermly in 35week and underwent NICU for 50 days. Throughout the period, twice surgery were performed and pathology confirmed CCAM. Both surgeries were not performed as lobectomy but cyst elimination. Post natal complication: recurrent lung infections and pneumothorax. Surgical excision lobectomy was finally performed when 23month old. The baby is now healthy and no lung infection or pneumothorax reported during last 3 months.Discussion: CCAM is a congenital lung abnormality and the diagnosed was made since intrauterine period. Prenatal care will be more specific to take care of the development of the cyst, its progression, complications, etc. In this case, worsening of the cyst led to fetal cardiological emergency. Fetal bradycardia reported once prenatal care visits. Intrauterine thoracentesis were performed. Outcome of treatment was good, also for hydropsfetalis improvement. In CCAM, hydropsfetalis correlate to the worse outcome and higher mortality rate. In this case, hydropsfetalis was cured. Surgical excision is stated to be the definitive therapy for CCAM but unfortunately the surgery lobectomy was not treatment chosen in this case. Instead, the first surgeries performed just to cut the cysts. Lung infections happened several times. This can be due to the remaining dead space of the affected lung that is pro-for bacterial growth.Conclusion:Prenatal diagnose of CCAM is important, it might need invasive treatment. Hydropsfetalis not always ends up with mortality. Surgical excision is the best treatment.