The shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora.

). An identification key for the genera and species is presented, as well as illustrations of morphological details of the species. The original publication, geographic distribution, and vegetation type are referred to each species, along with the voucher specimens.

RESUMO No presente trabalho foram estudados os grãos de pólen de 55 espécies pertencentes a 15 gêneros da família Myrtaceae ocorrentes na “Reserva do Parque Estadual da Fontes do Ipiranga”. Os seguintes táxons são incluídos: Blepharocalyx salicifolius (Kunth) O. Berg, Calyptranthes concinna DC., C. grandifolia O. Berg, Campomanesia eugenioides (Cambess.) D. Legrand ex Landrum, C. guaviroba (DC.) Kiaerk., C. guazumifolia (Cambess.) O. Berg, C. phaea (O. Berg) Landrum, C. pubescens (DC) O. Berg, Eugenia beaurepaireana (Kiaersk.) D. Legrand, E. bimarginata DC., E. cerasifl ora Miq., E. cereja D. Legrand, E. convexinervia D. Legrand, E. dodonaeifolia Cambess., E. excelsa O. Berg, E. handroana D. Legrand, E. neoglomerata Sobral, E. neoverrucosa Sobral, E. pruinosa D. Legrand, E. punicifolia (Kunth) DC., E. pyriformis Cambess., E. speciosa Cambess., E. stigmatosa DC., Gomidesia affi nis (Cambess.) D. Legrand, G. anacardiaefolia (Gardner) O. Berg, G. sellowiana O. Berg, G. tijucensis (Kiaersk.) D. Legrand, Marlierea parvifl ora O. Berg, M. racemosa (Vell.) Kiaersk., Myrceugenia rufescens (DC.) D. Legrand & Kausel, Myrcia amazonica DC., M. citrifolia (Aubl.) Urb., M. fallax (Rich.) DC., M. guianensis (Aubl.), M. laruotteana Cambess., M. laxifl ora Cambess., M. macrocarpa DC., M. multifl ora (Lam.) DC., M. pubipetala Miq., M. pulchra (O. Berg) Kiaersk., M. retorta Cambess., M. rostrata DC., M. tenuivenosa Kiaersk, M. tomentosa (Aubl.) DC., M. venulosa D.C., Myrciaria delicatula (DC.) O. Berg, M. fl oribunda (H. West ex Willd.) O. Berg, Neomitranthes pedicellata (Burret) Mattos, Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus (Gomes) Landrum, Psidium cattleyanum Sabine, P. cinereum Mart. ex DC., P. guineense Sw., P. myrtoides O. Berg, P. rufum Mart ex DC. e Siphoneugena widgreniana O. Berg. Para todos os táxons estudados são apresentadas descrições, ilustrações e observações.

RESUMO -O check-list atualizado das espécies de Euphorbiaceae s. str., Phyllanthaceae e Peraceae do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul é apresentado, baseado em dados da Lista de Espécies do Brasil, dos acervos de vários herbários, bem como de revisões e fl oras disponíveis. Para cada táxon é citada uma coleção testemunho do Mato Grosso do Sul, as macroregiões onde ocorre no estado (Cerrado, Chaco, Pantanal, Mata Atlântica) e sua distribuição geográfi ca total no Brasil. Para Euphorbiaceae s. str. foram reportados para o estado 154 espécies, para Phyllanthaceae 16 espécies e para Peraceae duas espécies. Palavras-chave: biodiversidade, Cerrado, Chaco, Mata Atlântica, Pantanal ABSTRACT -Checklist of Euphorbiaceae s. str., Phyllanthaceae and Peraceae from Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. An updated checklist of the families Euphorbiaceae s.str., Phyllanthaceae and Peraceae from the state of Mato Grosso do Sul is presented based on data from Lista das Espécies do Brasil, collections of several herbaria and fl oras and revisions available. For each taxon is cited a voucher specimen from MS, its area of occurrence (Cerrado, Chaco, Pantanal, Mata Atlantica) and its geographical distribution in Brazil. The following numbers of species were reported for each family in the state: Euphorbiaceae s. str. 154 species, Phyllanthaceae 16 species and Peraceae 2 species.

Microstachys crassifolia, a new species from Chapada dos Veadeiros region in the State of Goias, central Brazil, is here described and illustrated. Its habit and general morphology resembles that of M. nana Silva & Esser, an endemic species from the State of Paraná, southern Brazil. Both species are hemicryptophytes from grasslands, with a well-developed underground system, glabrous leaves and reddish inflorescences and fruits, but M. crassifolia has fleshy leaves without glands while M. nana has membranaceous leaves with pateliform, submarginal glands.Microstachys A. Juss. is a pantropical genus (Esser 1998) with about 20 species, five of them from paleotropical and Australian regions. The remaining species are found in the neotropics, with the center of diversity of the genus in central and eastern Brazil (Esser 1998, Silva andEsser 2011).Despite its great morphological variability, the genus can be recognized within Hippomaneae by its sub-shrubby habit, alternate leaves with mostly serrate margins, spiciform, leafopposite inflorescences, fruits that usually have spine-like appendages, and oblong seeds with truncate apex and a stipitate, lenticular caruncle (Esser 1998, Silva andEsser 2011