The hypothesis is advanced that black athletes perform better, relative to white athletes, in sports activities that are reactive in nature than in sports activities that are self-paced in nature. Evidence in support of this hypothesis is presented from the fields of professional baseball, professional basketball, and college basketball. These differences are apparently independent of differences in socioeconomic class. Some evidence was found to indicate that early father absence is related to poorer self-paced performance.The latest review of comparative studies of blacks and whites (Dreger & Miller, 1968) indicates that this area continues to be one in which much research is being done. It is also evident from that review that recent comparative studies of differential performance are limited almost entirely to performance on intellectual tests and performance in educational settings. Sports activities provide an additional area for meaningful comparisons. Studies in this area might provide us with some new insights and new perspectives. The present paper presents several studies based on analyses of statistical records of athletic performance.The overall thesis of this paper is that in the United States, blacks, as compared with whites, tend to perform better in activities that are reactive in nature than in activities that are self-paced. Stated somewhat differently, whites tend to excel at self-paced activities, and blacks tend to excel at reactive activities. A self-paced activity is one in which the individual responds when he chooses to a relatively static or unchanging stimulus. Golf and bowling are examples of self-paced sports. The stimulus situation faced by a player in these sports differs from one time to another, but it is stable when he makes his response, and he is free, within limits, to respond when he chooses.A reactive activity, on the other hand, is one in which the individual must respond appropriately and at the right time to changes 1 Requests for reprints should be sent to Morgan

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Parent Effectiveness Training (PET) has become a popular approach for educating parents in child-rearing practices. PET is based, in part, upon the teachings of Carl Rogers and trains parents in listening techniques, communication skills, and child-parent problem solving. This paper summarizes and critically evaluates the research literature regarding the effects of PET on parents and their children. The existing research was judged by the authors as limited in scope and inadequate in design. Specifically problems regarding random assignment of subjects to groups, a relative lack of objective behavioral measures, inappropriate statistical methods, absent or inappropriate control conditions, and a lack of follow ups typify the research. Over-all, the effectiveness of PET as a prevention or intervention strategy was not supported.

Analogue assessment offers a promising avenue for determining social skills of children. However, data regarding the validity of such assessment have been lacking. In the present study, the validity of a simplified analogue system was examined. First, scores on the analogue system were obtained from responses of 24 third-grade children. Then four sociometric measures (peer ratings of play and work, positive and negative peer nominations) were administered. Correlations (.48 to .65) between the analogue and sociometric measures were significant, supporting the validity of the analogue system. Implications for future research were discussed.

The hypothesis was advanced that dark-eyed subjects are more responsive to arousing stimuli than light-eyed subjects. 40 subjects listened to neutral and arousing auditory stimuli and viewed scenes which were neutral, violent, or sexual in nature. The dependent measure of arousal was a score derived from a combination of physiological responses recorded on a polygraph. Scores were significantly higher for dark-eyed than light-eyed subjects. Significant sex differences were also found, females having higher scores than males. Implications for future research and application were discussed.