The exchange of self-disclosures in a laboratory setting was found to function in a manner consistent with social exchange theory. The intimacy of disclosures exchanged tended to follow the norm of reciprocity. More intimate initial disclosures were made to those who were initially better liked. In turn, final liking was higher for those who made more intimate disclosures. The authoritarianism of the subject had no significant effect on self-disclosure. Likewise no significant differences in disclosure were attributable to whether or not the situation permitted eye contact.

The hypothesis is advanced that black athletes perform better, relative to white athletes, in sports activities that are reactive in nature than in sports activities that are self-paced in nature. Evidence in support of this hypothesis is presented from the fields of professional baseball, professional basketball, and college basketball. These differences are apparently independent of differences in socioeconomic class. Some evidence was found to indicate that early father absence is related to poorer self-paced performance.The latest review of comparative studies of blacks and whites (Dreger & Miller, 1968) indicates that this area continues to be one in which much research is being done. It is also evident from that review that recent comparative studies of differential performance are limited almost entirely to performance on intellectual tests and performance in educational settings. Sports activities provide an additional area for meaningful comparisons. Studies in this area might provide us with some new insights and new perspectives. The present paper presents several studies based on analyses of statistical records of athletic performance.The overall thesis of this paper is that in the United States, blacks, as compared with whites, tend to perform better in activities that are reactive in nature than in activities that are self-paced. Stated somewhat differently, whites tend to excel at self-paced activities, and blacks tend to excel at reactive activities. A self-paced activity is one in which the individual responds when he chooses to a relatively static or unchanging stimulus. Golf and bowling are examples of self-paced sports. The stimulus situation faced by a player in these sports differs from one time to another, but it is stable when he makes his response, and he is free, within limits, to respond when he chooses.A reactive activity, on the other hand, is one in which the individual must respond appropriately and at the right time to changes 1 Requests for reprints should be sent to Morgan

Scoring procedures typically used to derive a measure of extreme response style treat responses at the midpoint of a scale as lacking in extremeness. The midpoint (neutral) response is psychologically similar to an extreme response since it represents a concrete, unambiguous position. Semantic Differential ratings were used to demonstrate that midpoint responding is positively related to responding at the ends of the scale. It is suggested that in measures of extreme response style, the midpoint response should be treated as an extreme response.

Two analyses were made relating eye color to size and quick-versus-deliberate behavior in families of birds. The areas of behavior studied were flight, feeding and escape. The results indicated that dark-eyed birds tend to be quick and light-eyed birds tend to be deliberate. These behavioral differences are over and above the fact that light-eyed birds tend to be larger than dark-eyed birds.

A method of using the Mesoamerican pecked cross as a 365-day or 365 1/4-day calendrical device is proposed. The method consists of placing, removing, and discarding objects in the pecked holes of the arms of the motif in a prescribed sequence. This use does not preclude other uses or meanings of these figures, nor their function in calendrical reckonings more complex than the solar year.