Citation network analysis is a powerful tool to understand a research area. Citation networks differ from traditional content analyses in that, instead of coding articles based on declared features, citation network analysis groups articles into clusters based on citations, representing how the field is constructed by its scholars and how areas of work coalesce or diverge. This approach allows for examination of emergent rather than declared topic areas and assessment of interrelatedness of content areas. Further, citation network analyses can be augmented through integration of other data, such as patterns of collaboration or grant funding. The present study undertook a citation network analysis of research published within Psychology of Men and Masculinity (PMM), augmented with a coauthorship network and an analysis of grant funding for research within PMM. The citation network analysis suggested dominant domains (e.g., gender role norms and body image) and smaller domains (e.g., fatherhood) of focus in PMM. Analysis of the network suggests areas for development of novel work, and analysis of individual clusters suggests how topic areas have shifted in emphasis over time. The coauthorship network indicates scholars who are prolific collaborators in PMM publications. Finally, integration of grant funding data was used to demonstrate which clusters of research have generated grant funding and can help to guide topic areas toward fundability. The present analysis offers an updated view of the state of research in PMM and may be useful to scholars in the field of men and masculinities in planning research, collaborations, and grant applications.
The heaviest elements in the universe are synthesized through rapid neutron capture (r-process) in extremely neutron-rich outflows. Neutron star mergers were established as an important r-process source through the multimessenger observation of GW170817. Collapsars were also proposed as a potentially major source of heavy elements; however, this is difficult to probe through optical observations due to contamination by other emission mechanisms. Here we present observational constraints on r-process nucleosynthesis by collapsars based on radio follow-up observations of nearby long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). We make the hypothesis that late-time radio emission arises from the collapsar wind ejecta responsible for forging r-process elements, and consider the constraints that can be set on this scenario using radio observations of a sample of Swift/Burst Alert Telescope GRBs located within 2 Gpc. No radio counterpart was identified in excess of the radio afterglow of the GRBs in our sample. This gives the strictest limit to the collapsar r-process contribution of ≲0.2 M ⊙ for GRB 060505 and GRB 05826, under the models we considered. Our results additionally constrain energy injection by a long-lived neutron star remnant in some of the considered GRBs. While our results are in tension with collapsars being the majority of r-process production sites, the ejecta mass and velocity profile of collapsar winds, and the emission parameters, are not yet well modeled. As such, our results are currently subject to large uncertainties, but further theoretical work could greatly improve them.
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