Aims and Objectives:The purpose of the study was to evaluate and compare the microhardness of enamel after the application of anticay on bleached enamel with fluoride containing and fluoride free bleaching agent.Materials and Methods:Twenty freshly extracted teeth decoronated and divided mesiodistally into two halves were randomly divided into five groups with 10 samples in each group. The enamel surface was treated as follows: Group 1 - no treatment, Group 2 - fluoride free bleaching agent, Group 3 - fluoride containing bleaching agent, and Group 4 - fluoride free bleaching agent followed by anticay application. The samples were subjected to indentation to test the microhardness using Vicker's hardness analyzer.Conclusion:Enamel microhardness significantly increased in samples where anticay was used after the application of bleaching agent.

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Proper knowledge of the internal anatomy of tooth is essential for the long-term success of endodontic treatment. Mandibular premolars exhibit a greater variation in their internal morphology due to the occurrence of additional roots and root canals. This article showcases two case reports of successful endodontic management of mandibular premolars with three roots and three canals. A detailed diagnosis of symptomatic irreversible pulpitis with apical periodontitis was made through clinical and radiographic examinations. Endodontic management was carried out successfully and the patient was evaluated.

Tooth bleaching helps to improve the appearance of discolored teeth. But the use of acidic food can lead to increased erosion after bleaching. Remineralizing treatment with a remineralizing agent is capable of reestablishing the lost enamel surface hardness after bleaching. In this study, changes in microhardness were analyzed upon the application of a remineralizing agent after subjecting the enamel surfaces to bleaching and erosive challenge. Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of a remineralizing agent on bleached enamel surfaces subjected to erosive challenge. Materials used: (1) 35% carbamide peroxide (Opalescence PF, Ultradent)-a bleaching agent; (2) Remin Pro-a remineralizing agent; (3) 1% citric acid solution-an erosive agent. Materials and methods: Samples were divided into three groups and subjected to bleaching and erosion treatment. Group I-treated with 35% carbamide peroxide then treated with 1% citric acid solution; group II -treated with 35% carbamide peroxide and a remineralizing agent followed by 1% citric acid solution; group III-without bleaching with 1% citric acid solution. The sample size calculated using the statistical package G*power (3.1.5) with a level of significance of 0.05. The sample size obtained is n = 15, 5 samples per group. GI, GII, and GIII were subjected to the Vickers microhardness analysis. Loss of surface hardness loss (% SHL) was analyzed. Result: The lowest % SHL is in group II-24.718 when compared with group I-35.048. Conclusion: Post-bleaching application of a remineralizing agent helps to decrease the effect of erosion occurring as a consequence of bleaching.All the samples (n = 15) were submitted to an initial surface microhardness test. For this purpose, a microdurometer with a 1-7

Aim:The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the sealer penetrability and gap formation of root canal sealer to root dentin filled with AH Plus, Sealapex, and BioRoot RCS. Materials and methods: Twenty-seven mandibular second premolars were selected and were radiographed at two angulations. The teeth were stored in labeled plastic vials containing artificial saliva and were randomly assigned to three groups based on the sealer, group I-AH Plus (n = 9), group II-Sealapex (n = 9), and group III-BioRoot RCS (n = 9); teeth were de-coronated and the conventional root canal therapy was done with Protaper gold rotary files. Three groups were filled with AH Plus, Sealapex, and BioRoot RCS with the single-cone technique. About 1-mm sections of apical, middle, and cervical third were taken using a water-cooled low-speed saw. All specimens are evaluated using a scanning electron microscope. Clinical significance: The main goal of obturation is to provide a three-dimensional seal, thereby preventing the reinfection of the root canal and preserving the health of periapical tissues. Because of the hydrophobic nature of gutta-percha, the sealer tends to pull away from gutta-percha on the setting. To overcome these drawbacks, new sealer systems have been introduced to enhance the sealing ability. Resin-based sealers have gained more popularity in recent years because these sealers penetrate deep into the dentinal tubules due to their better flowability, long setting time, and provide long-term dimensional stability. The resin-based sealer used in this study is the AH Plus. It is compared with the newly introduced bioceramic sealer BioRoot RCS for marginal adaptation. Results: It was found that the AH Plus group had a higher depth of sealer penetration than other groups and the BioRoot RCS group revealed a minimum gap formation than other groups of sealers evaluated in the study. Conclusion: The Bioceramic sealer revealed better sealer penetrability at the apical third and minimal gap formation compared to the epoxy resin-based and the calcium hydroxide-based sealer.