En la actualidad existen investigaciones sobre los diferentes efectos de nanomateriales en la agricultura para mejorar la germinación y la productividad de los cultivos, con la finalidad de garantizar la sostenibilidad económica y el uso eficiente de los recursos de producción en la agricultura. Las nanopartículas de ZnO aplicadas en este estudio fueron sintetizadas por un método de precipitación química y su caracterización se realizó por (XRD), (SEM), espectroscopía UV-visible y (FTIR). Se determinó el efecto sobre la germinación de semillas de lechuga (Lactuca sativa) por medio de un diseño completamente al azar con cinco tratamientos de NPs-ZnO y un tratamiento control cada uno con cuatro repeticiones. Se midieron índices fisiológicos, se cuantificó el contenido de clorofila y carotenoides, y el contenido de compuestos fenólicos en las plántulas de lechuga. Los resultados indican que aplicando dosis de 50 mg L-1 NPs-ZnO, se lograron mayores valores del porcentaje de germinación (36.97%), peso fresco de plúmula (23.91%), peso fresco de radícula (63.25%) y longitud de radícula (50.58%) respecto a los grupos control. Asimismo, se incrementó el contenido de fenoles totales (207.9%). Dosis superiores a 125 mg L-1 NPs-ZnO disminuyen el contenido de clorofila, causando efectos fitotóxicos en las plántulas de L. sativa. En cuanto al contenido de carotenoides el mejor tratamiento fue de 100 mg L-1 NPs-ZnO. El uso de NPs-ZnO sintetizadas a través de un método de precipitación química es una buena alternativa para ser utilizadas como inductores en la biosíntesis de compuestos bioactivos en plántulas de lechuga.
Biofortification is the process of developing a crop with bioavailable micronutrients in its edible parts. This has been done using nanofertilizers, since they can be used to feed plants in a gradual and controlled manner. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of foliar application of ZnO NPs in different concentrations on the commercial and phytochemical quality of the basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) crop, as it is one of the most important aromatic plants used for chemical and pharmacological properties. Four concentrations of ZnO NPs (5, 10, 15 and 20 mg L-1) and a control treatment under a completely randomized design, were evaluated. The results show statistical differences in morphological parameters (leaf and stem fresh weight, height, number of leaves, leaf area and dry weight) with a slight tendency to increase on the treated basil plants mainly at concentration of 20 mg L-1. The highest chlorophyll content (5.54 µg g-1 FW) was obtained for the control treatment, whereas the lowest one (4.14 µg g-1 FW) was observed for the 20 mg L-1 treatment. However, carotenoid content in the leaves was markedly higher than the control, the control had the concentration of 0.84 µg g-1 FW, while the treatment with 20 mg L-1 ZnO NPs registered a value of 1.08 µg g-1 FW. The highest total phenolic, flavonoid, antioxidant capacity and vitamin C content was obtained for 20 mg L-1 ZnO NPs. Finally, basil plants treated with ZnO NPs could stimulate enzymatic activity, as demonstrated in this study. Detailed studies are suggested to understand the mechanism of action of nanoscale materials.
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