The aromatic ginger rhizome (Kaempferia galanga L.) is a member of Zingiberaceae family, has been known to have an antibacterial effect is used for everyday cooking spices, but the synergistic effect on broad spectrum antibiotics was unknown. This research was conducted to find out the synergistic effect is on the antibiotics or the synergistic effect of the combination of the extract and antibiotic against gram positive and negative bacterial pathogens in vitro. KGR was taken from farmers in Samarinda City, East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. Extract was obtained by maceration with ethanol solvent. Antibacterial activity test of KGR ethanol extract and antibiotic using Mueller-Hinton agar, Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Results were expressed in percentage increase of the inhibition zone. Statistical test with ttest, significantly different if p<0.05. The combination of each antibiotics and KGR ethanol extract showed synergistic effect by increasing the percentage of inhibition zone Conclusion: KGR ethanol extract showed synergistic effect on antibiotic ampicillin (E. coli), meropenem and cefuroxime in S. aureus and E. coli.

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Background: Development a granuloma model resembling latent tuberculosis in vitro is needed with a fast and efficient time to be used as an effective therapy. This study aimed to form efficient granulomas, increase cellular immunity and humoral immunity, and evaluate growth on media using recombinant protein antibody Ag38kDa, Rifampicin, and a combination of both. Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell (PBMC) in vitro is derived from a healthy individual separated from monocytes and lymphocytes. Materials and methods: Monocytes are matured into macrophages and then combined macrophages and lymphocytes to the Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) medium. Flow cytometry analysis was used to count the number of cells, and cytokine levels were measured using ELISA. The result from the treatment was planted on the Lowenstein-Jensen medium. Results: Granulomas-like aggregates was formed after one-day post-infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb). A significant increase in immune response occurred in the number of macrophages, Th1, and Tregs in the combination group compared to the Mtb infection group. The number of Th2 and Th17 cells in the combination group was compared with the control but not significantly. TNF-α cytokine levels increased in the combination group compared to Mtb infection, while in IL-4, we found between all groups, there was no significant difference. Bacterial colonies on culture in the Lowenstein-Jensen medium were only seen in positive controls. Conclusion: Our study concluded that administration of a combination between Ag38kDa recombinant antibody and rifampicin could inhibit granuloma formation and enhance immune response.