Overall, American adults have a 10.5% risk of having diabetes during theirlifetime but for the Hispanic American adult, the risk is over 12.5% comparedto 7.5% in non‐Hispanic whites. Hispanic Americans are a mixed groupcomprising of Mexicans, Cubans, Puerto Ricans, South and Central Americans,and other Spanish communities. This disease is very damaging and a challengeto manage for anyone. It is the seventh‐largest cause of death in the UnitedStates in 2017. Detecting single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs), in thehuman genome can help in determining an individual's risk of obtaining type 2diabetes. Recent studies with SNP rs149483638 have shown that the IGF2gene is associated with the identification of insulin that regulates growth andmetabolism in the human body. IGF2 is found in many tissues where it issynthesized and released into the periphery, with the highest levels in theliver. IGF2 facilitates ß‐cell proliferation and survival in the pancreas. Thealleles shown in this SNP is the C>T allele change. The goal of this research wasto detect the prevalence of SNP rs149483638 by buccal swab samples in 25controls and 26 patients. DNA extraction followed by PCR and restrictionfragment length pattern using the BstNI enzyme was used to detect theprevalence of this SNP and its association with Diabetes. We found the allele C& T very predominant in the diabetes group. The allele C was also found in thecontrol group. We need to increase the sample size in the control group inorder to assess the risk of this SNP in diabetes type 2.

In Hispanics, type II diabetes is the fifth leading cause of death among Hispanics in the United States due to the genetic influence. Through this, scientists study the DNA to locate and study the specific DNA sequences called single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNP, associated with type II diabetes. The single nucleotide polymorphism, rs12255372, in recent studies has been associated with type II diabetes, breast cancer, and prostate cancer. The allele involve in the risk of Diabetes is G and T. DNA was extracted from the collected buccal samples. The 47 samples were run through a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and confirmed by gel electrophoresis. After the amplification, the products were digested with the restriction enzyme MluCl. The G/G allele was the most predominant allele in both groups. Increasing sample size will allow for the data to be more concrete.

One in ten people have diabetes in America, about 13% are Hispanic descent. From this 13% of Hispanic adults, 50% of that population will develop diabetes at some point in their life. As the Hispanic community keeps growing as the years go by the increase in diabetic patients goes up. Physically, mentally and financially, diabetes makes a big impact in people's lives as the disease progresses. Genetics can play a big role in identifying and preventing diseases, one way of that is by detecting single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). The rs4430796 in gene HNF1β which is a transcription factor expressed in the liver and pancreas associated with type II diabetes. The goal of this experiment is to identify the prevalence of rs4430796 SNP in Hispanic descent which has been associated with diabetes. We are analyzing 17 control and 24 diabetic samples from Hispanics living in Southern California. After buccal samples were collected and the DNA was extracted, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was running. To confirm the SNP we used an enzymatic digestion using SfaN1 enzyme. This experiment will help contribute to the overall knowledge in the distribution of SNPs associated with type II diabetes in the Hispanic population of Southern California. If a person learns he or she possesses the SNP, this could help take preventive measures before the disease sets in by making better diet choices, increase the physical activity and keep a close monitoring of their blood sugar to catch the disease before it gets out of control.