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Aims: Constipation is one of the most common complaints of the digestive system. The prevalence of constipation in the general population is approximately 15%. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of constipation in medical students, their defecation habits and the correlation between the two. Methods: The study was conducted between 1 January and 1 June 2019 through questionnaires. The relationship between individuals’ defecation habits and chronic constipation was investigated within the scope of the study. Data on age, sex, constipation status, change in bowel habits within the last three months, defecation frequency, time of daily defecation, period spent in the toilet, reading in the toilet, and the type of toilet used were collected. Results: 425 medical students were included in the study. 2.86% of the students reporting constipation were first year undergraduates in medical school, while 7.53% were third and 9.09% were sixth year students. Irregular defecation was higher in all groups. The rate of constipation was high in groups with irregular defecation. It was observed that those with regular defecation habits defecated more in the mornings. When the time spent for defecation was studied, it was seen that it was mostly less than 10 minutes. Conclusion: In the younger population the incidence of constipation is lower compared to the elderly population. Bowel habits, however, vary according to societies and personal characteristics. Reading in the toilet has become a common habit among the younger population. Reading in the toilet elongates the time spent in the toilet.

Background Hemorrhoidal disease is a common benign anorectal disease. Acute thrombosis that occurs during the course of hemorrhoidal disease is a painful complication. Factors affecting its etiopathogenesis are not known definitively. The aim of this study, therefore, was to assess predisposition to coagulation during the development of the disease. Method 30 patients with acute thrombosed hemorrhoidal disease and 30 other patients with hemorrhoidal disease but no thromboses were included in the study. Samples collected from these patients were analyzed with thromboelastography machines. The results were compared with patients’ demographic data. Results No statistically significant difference was found between the groups as per age, sex, diarrhea, history of a similar attack, history of surgical treatment, spicy food consumption, fibrous food consumption, and regular exercise. The results of our study revealed that the alpha angle was smaller in patients with acute thrombosed hemorrhoidal disease. Conclusion Hypercoagulability does not occur in patients with acute thrombosed hemorrhoidal disease

Objective: Position changes and increased intra-abdominal pressure in laparoscopic interventions lead to some physiopathological changes. There is no definite information in the literature regarding cerebral oxygen saturation in patients undergoing colorectal surgery. Our aim was to investigate whether there is oxygen saturation change in the brain tissue in pneumoperitoneum and the Trendelenburg position during laparoscopic rectal surgery. Material and Methods: Cerebral oxygen saturation was measured in 35 patients who underwent laparoscopic rectal surgery in the Trendelenburg position. Measurements were made under general anesthesia in the pneumoperitoneum and the Trendelenburg position. Results: The values that are statistically affected by the position are systolic blood pressure, mean arterial blood pressure and cerebral oxygen saturation. The Trendelenburg position does not disturb the cerebral oxygen saturation and it causes an increase in saturation. After pneumoperitoneum occurred, changes in systolic blood pressure, mean arterial blood pressure and brain oxygen saturation were detected. Cerebral oxygen saturation increases with the formation of pneumoperitoneum. Conclusion: The Trendelenburg position and increased intraabdominal pressure during laparoscopic rectal surgery do not impair brain oxygen saturation.