O manejo de árvores em áreas urbanas é uma atividade complexa, em que os vários elementos da cidade devem ser levados em consideração. A compatibilidade das árvores com a rede elétrica é um dos grandes desafios dos gestores públicos e os serviços de poda são os mais onerosos na manutenção dos indivíduos arbóreos. Assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo, o diagnóstico das modalidades de podas empregadas no estado de Minas Gerais, bem como as causas dessa prática. Para isso, foram amostrados 80 circuitos elétricos em 35 cidades. Foram identificados 1.643 indivíduos arbóreos, classificados em 41 famílias e 130 espécies, sendo 54 exóticas (11 de pequeno porte, 14 de médio porte e 28 de grande porte) e 76 nativas (sete de pequeno porte, dez de médio porte e 58 de grande porte). Percebeu-se que mais da metade das árvores avaliadas (52,28%) foram podadas por causa de conflitos com a fiação, sendo as espécies Licania tomentosa (Benth.) Fritsch (oiti), Ligustrum lucidum W.T. Aiton (alfeneiro) e Poincianella pluviosa (DC.) L.P.Queiroz (sibipiruna) as mais frequentes. A espécie introduzida sob rede elétrica também influenciou na modalidade da poda empregada, como por exemplo, a poda "em V" foi característica da Poincianella pluviosa.
Urban afforestation produces a great enhancement in the flora of cities, but if improperly implanted they generate disturbances, especially if the implanted species are not adapted to electric energy networks The objective of this paper was to carry out a qualitative-quantitative survey on urban afforestation through the interconnection with the electricity network in the five cities with most issues of electricity shutdown caused by trees in the South of Minas Gerais state At the end of the inventory there were 221 individuals belonging to 58 species, 56% of which were exotic and 44% native. Eight species counted for 51.99% of the total inventory, being: Jacaranda mimosifolia, Platanus acerifolia, Murraya paniculata, Lagerstroemia indica, Schinus molle, Ficus benjamina, Bauhinia variegata and Poincianella pluviosa. Only the species Schinus molle and Poincianella pluviosa are native. More than half of the inventoried trees presented a size incompatible with the electrical network, species of large (55.59%), medium (24.42%) and small (19.99%) sizes, to be implanted for urban afforestation. The selected streets had narrow widths, but the sidewalks had ideal widths for the implantation of afforestation. Treetop pruning was performed in 20% of the individuals evaluated, a practice that is widely used due to the presence of large species. The species evaluated in the inventory showed height ranging from 2 to 6 meters, not reaching their maximum potential when belonging to medium and large species. For the studied cities it is recommended a new evaluation of the urban afforestation, seeking to identify the appropriate patterns to the urban environment.
Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar um diagnóstico parcial da arborização viária sob a rede de energia elétrica, em cinco cidades da Regional Oeste de Minas Gerais, que mais apresentaram desligamentos de energia por causa de conflitos com árvores. Foram identificadas 186 árvores, distribuídas em 17 espécies de origem exótica e 30 espécies de origem nativa. As espécies mais frequentes foram Poincianella pluviosa (30,43%), seguida de Ligustrum lucidum (10,86%), Michelia champaca (6,52%) e Schinus molle (4,89%), que juntas perfizeram 52,7% das árvores avaliadas. 84,78% das árvores estavam localizadas em ruas com largura superior a 7 m. 36,55% das árvores estavam plantadas em calçadas com largura mínima de 2 m e apresentaram altura da primeira bifurcação superior a 1,80 m. As podas realizadas por causa de conflitos com a rede elétrica, equivaleram a 40,22%. As árvores com altura maior ou igual a 6 m compuseram 72,83% da população amostral. Em conclusão, Foi verificado que não há um plano de manejo arbóreo-urbano sob a rede elétrica adequado, visto que a frequência de árvores, se concentram em poucas espécies que eram em sua maioria de médio e grande porte.
Black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) and pink pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi) are two plant-based spices, which despite having a common popular name, have a botanical family and distinct centers of origin. Its fruits are known worldwide in cuisine as condiments; in addition, the extraction of essential oil from these species is interesting from a pharmacological and industrial perspective. In this sense, the present study aimed to analyze the chemical profile of volatile organic compounds (VOC's) present in black pepper and pink pepper. The solid phase microextraction method in headspace mode (HS-SPME) was used, using the fiber, polydimethylsiloxane-divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB) for the extraction of VOCs. In the extraction of volatile compounds, 2g of the seeds of each sample were used, previously ground in an analytical mill, and placed in a 20 ml headspace flask. The adsorption of the compounds was carried out at a temperature of 60ºC, for 20 minutes, with the exposed PDMS/DVB fiber, after extraction, the desorption was carried out in the gas chromatograph injector coupled to mass spectrometry (CG-MS), where the fiber was exposed for 5 minutes. The identification of VOCs was performed by comparing the mass spectra obtained with data from the NIST library. Thirty-six volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were identified and quantified among pink pepper and black pepper seed samples. Of which 16 were found in black pepper, and 20 in pink pepper. These compounds are divided into monoterpenes, sesquitepenes, and other classes such as alkaloids and sesquiterpenoids. The volatile organic compounds found in higher concentrations in black pepper were Carnegine with 36.32 %, beyerene (30.84%), alpha-gurjunene (6.10%) and 1R,4S,7S,11R-2, 2,4,8-Tetramethyltricyclo [5.3.1.0 (4.11)] undec-8-ene also with 6.10%. In pink pepper, the compounds with the highest concentrations were, phyllocladene (36.16%), 3-carene (12.49%), and 1R,4S,7S,11R-2,2,4,8-tetramethyltricyclo [ 5.3.1.0 (4.11)] undec-8-ene (12.43%).
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