This article is concerned with the specific formation of an anti-corruption culture in the law enforcement system of the Republic of Kazakhstan. To this date, the country has formed a large base of legal acts regulating the fight against corruption but their effectiveness raises questions.
In this context, it is necessary to use preventive measures both in society as a whole and in the field of public administration, including law enforcement agencies. One such measure is the formation of an anti-corruption culture. This study aims at analyzing global directions and approaches to the formation of an anti-corruption culture among law enforcement employees. The authors of the article consider the world experience of an anti-corruption struggle and the most efficient models of forming an anti-corruption culture in the sphere of law enforcement.
The authors have proved that the anti-corruption culture of law enforcement agencies differs from that of other society members and revealed its specific features. The necessary condition for their effective neutralization is not only legal education but also the promotion of moral and ethical standards.
According to the authors, this goal can be achieved through anti-corruption education that fosters a culture of involvement and consciousness, a clear rejection of corruption and the popularization of anti-corruption standards. In the course of the study, they highlight the main components of an anti-corruption culture among law enforcement employees and conclude on the further efforts scholars and lawmakers should make to develop a common worldview, scientific and legal concept of the fight against corruption.
The research dwells upon the issues of considering citizens' appeals by police officers, in particular, preventing the concealment of criminal offenses. The authors of the article have comprehensively investigated possible ways of concealing criminal offenses and proposed some measures for preventing such violations. They have also analyzed the information technologies used by internal affairs bodies in operational activities both in the Republic of Kazakhstan and in other countries. The measures developed by the authors comprise the introduction of a new method of submitting citizens' appeals to the police, remote monitoring of the procedure for considering citizens' appeals and the modernization of the existing police stations and police dispatch centers. According to the results of a sociological survey, the above-mentioned measures can timely restrain police violations, respond to citizens' appeals and promptly disclose criminal offenses, thereby improving publicconfidence in police officers.
The purpose of this article is to examine the international legal aspects of citizenship on the basis of the laws of Kazakhstan and the United Kingdom analysis. For this, the author used general theoretical and specific scientific investigation methods. As a result of the analysis, the author claims that the legal regulation of citizenship is carried out by each state independently. The legal regulation of citizenship is directly related to the migration of people, which has intensified in recent years in connection with armed conflicts and economic decline in some countries. The legal regulation of citizenship must correctly reflect the migration processes in order to prevent negative consequences for both the state and the individual in it. It has been revealed and justified that the legislation on the citizenship of Kazakhstan and the UK provides for a number of requirements for obtaining citizenship. There are two main ways to obtain citizenship: by birth or by naturalization. Based on the analysis, the author concluded that the legislation on the citizenship of Kazakhstan and the UK stipulates that citizenship is acquired and terminated by a specially prescribed legal procedure by the competent government authorities. Based on the analysis of Kazakhstan legislation, it was concluded that the methods of obtaining Kazakhstan's citizenship are: 1) by birth; 2) as a result of naturalization; 3) on the basis of interstate contracts of Kazakhstan; 4) on the grounds provided by the Law of Kazakhstan "On Citizenship". There are also ways to obtain UK citizenship under the British Nationality Act of 1981: 1) by birth; 2) by origin; 3) by naturalization; 4) by registration. Also, on the basis of a scientific approach to the issue of citizenship and its role in the existence of the state, the author concluded that bipatrism (multiple citizenship) adversely affects the state and carries a large risk to the state, including the loss of independence and sovereignty.
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