Objetivo: Describir la evolución y complicaciones asociadas al uso del catéter venoso central de inserción periférica en recién nacidos e identificar los factores de riesgo asociados a ellas.Sujetos y Método: Estudio analítico del seguimiento de catéteres instalados en 541 recién nacidos hospitalizados en una Unidad Neonatal. Se caracterizan su evolución y complicaciones. Para evaluar los factores de riesgo asociados a complicaciones se realizó análisis de regresión logística multivariado.Resultados: Se instalaron 655 catéteres en 541 recién nacidos con peso de nacimiento entre 420 y 4.575 g. La duración promedio fue de 11,6 ± 8,5 días. En 29 pacientes (4,4%) se observaron complicaciones mayores, siendo la más frecuente la infección del torrente sanguíneo (n = 17), determinando una tasa de 2,25 ‰ días-catéter. Ellas fueron más frecuentes en aquellos catéteres que permanecieron > 14 días: 9/179 (5%) vs 8/476 (1,7%) de los ≤ 14 días (p < 0,05). Entre las complicaciones no infecciosas destacaron: derrame pleural por extravasación (n = 6) y trombosis auricular (n = 3). El análisis multivariado mostró que ellas se asociaron a una edad gestacional < 28 semanas: OR 5,9 (IC95%: 1,2-40) y a su instalación en extremidades superiores OR 3,2 (IC95% 1,1-7,0). Las infecciones se asociaron a > número de punciones en su instalación: OR 2,1 (IC95% 1,2-4,8) por punción y edad gestacional < 28 semanas: OR 7,9 (IC 95%: 1,4-73).Conclusión: Los catéteres resultaron de larga duración y baja tasa de complicaciones mayores. Éstas se presentan mayormente en prematuros extremos. Las infecciones se asociaron a > número de punciones y duración > 14 días, las otras complicaciones se asociaron con la instalación en extremidades superiores.
Background: Mechanical ventilation (MV) is a frequent
lifesaving therapy in very low birthweight (VLBW) infants, although it
poses risks and may present complications. Objective: To
compare survival without major morbidity (SWMM) in VLBW infants who
received MV compared to those who did not, according to duration of MV
and gestational age (GA). Design/Methods: Multicenter
retrospective study of prospectively collected data, of premature
infants weighing 500-1500g, and 24-30 weeks of gestational age (GA) born
between 2010-2019 at NEOCOSUR Network centers. Baseline characteristics
and neonatal outcomes were compared among ventilated and non-ventilated
VLBW infants. Stratification for each week of GA was made. Adjusted odds
ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for main
outcomes by logistic regression, adjusted for birthweight, GA, gender,
mode of delivery, respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), antenatal
corticosteroids, small for gestational age (SGA) and Apgar scores.
Results: A total of 7,040 infants were included in the
analysis. Among these, 4,993 (70.9%) were ventilated and 2,047 (29.1%)
were not. Non-ventilated infants were larger, healthier at birth and
presented less major adverse outcomes (p<0,001). SWMM in
ventilated patients was 35.9%, compared to 73.4% in non-ventilated
infants (OR=0.35; 95%CI= [0.31-0.40]). SWMM of ventilated infants
remained lower at all GA intervals after risk adjustment. MV duration
was also associated with a decrease of SWMM, each additional MV day
decreased SWMM by 7.9% (OR=0.921, IC95%: 0.913 – 0.930).
Conclusions: The use and duration of MV were associated with a
significant decrease in SWMM in this population of VLBW infants, despite
risk adjustment.
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