No hay conflictos de interés que declarar. Sin fuentes de financiamiento. Recibido: 26 de marzo de 2020 / Aceptado: 24 de julio de 2020 Resumen La meningitis por Salmonella spp. es infrecuente en pediatría, pero debe sospecharse especialmente en menores de seis meses. Salmonella subespecie enterica es la más frecuente a nivel mundial, siendo el serovar Enteritidis el más importante. Tiene una alta tasa de complicaciones, predominando las colecciones y abscesos, por lo que se recomienda realizar una neuroimagen a todos los pacientes. A pesar que el manejo no está estandarizado, hay consenso en que el tratamiento de elección son las cefalosporinas de tercera generación. La resistencia antimicrobiana es infrecuente pero va en aumento, principalmente en países subdesarrollados. Presentamos el primer caso publicado en Chile de una meningitis por S. Enteritidis en un lactante de 11 meses, que se presentó con fiebre y una convulsión focalizada, con hemocultivos y cultivo de líquido cefalorraquídeo positivos. El paciente completó tratamiento con ceftriaxona y ciprofloxacina por cuatro semanas con buena respuesta.

Background: Mechanical ventilation (MV) is a frequent lifesaving therapy in very low birthweight (VLBW) infants, although it poses risks and may present complications. Objective: To compare survival without major morbidity (SWMM) in VLBW infants who received MV compared to those who did not, according to duration of MV and gestational age (GA). Design/Methods: Multicenter retrospective study of prospectively collected data, of premature infants weighing 500-1500g, and 24-30 weeks of gestational age (GA) born between 2010-2019 at NEOCOSUR Network centers. Baseline characteristics and neonatal outcomes were compared among ventilated and non-ventilated VLBW infants. Stratification for each week of GA was made. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for main outcomes by logistic regression, adjusted for birthweight, GA, gender, mode of delivery, respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), antenatal corticosteroids, small for gestational age (SGA) and Apgar scores. Results: A total of 7,040 infants were included in the analysis. Among these, 4,993 (70.9%) were ventilated and 2,047 (29.1%) were not. Non-ventilated infants were larger, healthier at birth and presented less major adverse outcomes (p<0,001). SWMM in ventilated patients was 35.9%, compared to 73.4% in non-ventilated infants (OR=0.35; 95%CI= [0.31-0.40]). SWMM of ventilated infants remained lower at all GA intervals after risk adjustment. MV duration was also associated with a decrease of SWMM, each additional MV day decreased SWMM by 7.9% (OR=0.921, IC95%: 0.913 – 0.930). Conclusions: The use and duration of MV were associated with a significant decrease in SWMM in this population of VLBW infants, despite risk adjustment.