The intestinal microbiota is made up of billions of microorganisms that coexist in an organised ecosystem, where strict and facultative anaerobic bacteria predominate. The alteration or imbalance of these microorganisms, known as dysbiosis, can be associated with both gastrointestinal and extraintestinal diseases. Based on a review of the literature, the intestinal microbiota is described in its state of health, the changes associated with some gastrointestinal diseases and the potential role that faecal microbiota transplantation has in the reestablishment of an altered ecosystem. Undoubtedly, the information revealed makes us reflect on the indication of faecal microbiota transplantation in various pathologies of intestinal origin. However, to ensure the efficacy and safety of this therapy, more studies are needed to obtain more evidence.

Therapeutic options for the management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have been expanding in recent decades. New biological and small molecule therapies have been incorporated into the pharmacological arsenal, allowing a more personalized management, seeking increasingly strict remission goals. However, the fear of developing adverse events represents one of the most important limitations in deciding its use by patients and a multidisciplinary team. Despite the risk of hepatotoxicity of thiopurines and methotrexate, these drugs are still used either as monotherapy or as combined therapy with anti-TNF biologic agents. Although drug-induced liver injury (DILI) appears to be less frequent with anti-TNF agents, newer biologics and small molecules, monitoring liver tests should be considered in the follow-up of these patients, especially if in the future raises the option of combined therapy of biologics or these drugs with small molecules. The objective of this review is to show data on the risk of developing DILI in patients with IBD who are undergoing treatment with traditional therapy or new drugs, whether biological or small molecules.

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No hay conflictos de interés que declarar. Sin fuentes de financiamiento. Recibido: 26 de marzo de 2020 / Aceptado: 24 de julio de 2020 Resumen La meningitis por Salmonella spp. es infrecuente en pediatría, pero debe sospecharse especialmente en menores de seis meses. Salmonella subespecie enterica es la más frecuente a nivel mundial, siendo el serovar Enteritidis el más importante. Tiene una alta tasa de complicaciones, predominando las colecciones y abscesos, por lo que se recomienda realizar una neuroimagen a todos los pacientes. A pesar que el manejo no está estandarizado, hay consenso en que el tratamiento de elección son las cefalosporinas de tercera generación. La resistencia antimicrobiana es infrecuente pero va en aumento, principalmente en países subdesarrollados. Presentamos el primer caso publicado en Chile de una meningitis por S. Enteritidis en un lactante de 11 meses, que se presentó con fiebre y una convulsión focalizada, con hemocultivos y cultivo de líquido cefalorraquídeo positivos. El paciente completó tratamiento con ceftriaxona y ciprofloxacina por cuatro semanas con buena respuesta.