COVID-19 is a syndrome affecting pulmonary function but rather in serious conditions leads to death. Kencur (Kaempferia galanga L.) is a type of rhizome plant in Indonesia that is used as an herbal medicine called Jamu because it is believed to be able to cure various types of diseases. One of which is for anti-virus. The goal of this study was to see how effective the compounds in kencur are against COVID-19 with a molecular docking strategy. Kencur biological activities were obtained from the library and the design of the Acute Respiratory Syndrome Main protease (Mpro) has been gained from the protein data bank website. In addition, the biological activities in kencur were examined utilizing Lipinski's five-point concept was used to evaluate their substance molecular characteristics. Molecular docking analysis was performed with the PyRx Virtual Screening Tool software. The PyRx program was used for molecular docking simulation. While, the Discovery Studio Visualizer program was used to visualize the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 (Mpro) and the pharmacologically active metabolites in kencur. The docking evaluation on three antiviral substances revealed that Quercetin had the lowest binding energy when bound with Mpro and thus had the greatest potential as a viral inhibitor.

This research presents the degradable bioplastics developed from pinewood nanocellulose as a filler in PVA matrices. The steps involve the isolation and characterization of cellulose and nanocellulose. Meanwhile, the manufacturing of degradable bioplastic involves the combination of PVA, nanocellulose, and with or without orange peel extract. The effect of bioplastics without the addition of citric acid and orange peel extract is also reported as a comparison. It is found that orange peel extract improves the tensile strength (1708.54 kPa), elastic modulus (42.71 kPa), elongation (40%), and degradability (78.44% in 2 weeks) compared to bioplastic without the orange peel extract. These results indicate that orange peel extract acts as a reinforcing agent in PVA-nanocellulose bioplastic.

Sponge Clionidae sp. is a multicellular animal that has active secondary metabolites that are used for survival. Sponge has cytotoxic, anticancer and antitumor properties and can be used in the pharmaceutical field, but the toxicity and antioxidant levels must be done to determine the uses level. Toxicity levels of sponge Clionidae sp. against Artemia salina L. and the IC50 value of the antioxidant was tested against DPPH radicals. Extraction of sponge Clionidae sp. was carried out with sonication using methanol, n-butanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane as solvents. Then, the crude extract was tested for toxicity levels by the BSLT method and the antioxidant test by the DPPH method. Sponge extracts with ethyl acetate has the highest LC50 at 62.50 ppm and n-butanol has the highest IC50 values of 77.34 ppm. Identification of extract sponge with ethyl acetate was carried out using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer, resulting a maximum wavelength at 407.5 nm, ethyl acetate sponge extract showed the presence of O-H stretch groups 3327 cm−1, C-H stretch 2922 cm−1, C=C aromatic 1462 cm−1, and C=O 1711 cm−1 by FT-IR. The dominant compound in ethyl acetate extract that identified in LC-HRMS are chlorhexidine, 1,3,7-octanetriol, tobramycin, stigmatellin Y and maraniol.