Teens with asthma benefit from adherence to preventive medications but encounter numerous barriers to proper use. Interventions to improve adherence must accommodate school demands and unique teen priorities. The school nurse's role as an ally may support teens' transition to medication independence.

The phenomenon of mass shootings has emerged over the past 50 years. A high proportion of rampage shootings have occurred in the United States, and secondarily, in European nations with otherwise low firearm homicide rates; yet, paradoxically, shooting massacres are not prominent in the Latin American nations with the highest firearm homicide rates in the world. A review of the scientific literature from 2010 to early 2014 reveals that, at the individual level, mental health effects include psychological distress and clinically significant elevations in posttraumatic stress, depression, and anxiety symptoms in relation to the degree of physical exposure and social proximity to the shooting incident. Psychological repercussions extend to the surrounding affected community. In the aftermath of the deadliest mass shooting on record, Norway has been in the vanguard of intervention research focusing on rapid delivery of psychological support and services to survivors of the "Oslo Terror." Grounded on a detailed review of the clinical literature on the mental health effects of mass shootings, this paper also incorporates wide-ranging co-author expertise to delineate: 1) the patterning of mass shootings within the international context of firearm homicides, 2) the effects of shooting rampages on children and adolescents, 3) the psychological effects for wounded victims and the emergency healthcare personnel who care for them, 4) the disaster behavioral health considerations for preparedness and response, and 5) the media "framing" of mass shooting incidents in relation to the portrayal of mental health themes.

Objective To describe levels of perceived lifetime discrimination among young adults and determine its role in understanding this racial/ethnic disparity. Study design Data were from the PSD study, a 10yr cohort study following 545 non-Hispanic black (46%) and white initial 5–12 graders. A parent reported highest parental education (PE) level. Perceived lifetime racial discrimination was assessed with the General Ethnic Discrimination Scale and depressive symptoms (DepSx) with the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD). Stepped linear and logistic regression analyses assessed the relationships of race/ethnicity, PE, and quintiles of discrimination to DepSx. Stratification by race/ethnicity explored differences in the role of discrimination in explaining the PE-DepSx relationship. Results Blacks from professionally educated families had the highest discrimination scores, 1.8 times higher than among their white peers (meanblack=42.1vs. meanwhite=22.8 p<.0001). Higher PE was associated with lower DepSx in all regression models. Race/ethnicity became predictive of DepSx only after adjusting for discrimination, which was strongly associated with DepSx. Stratified analysis suggested discrimination accounted for the relationship of PE to DepSx among whites. Among blacks, accounting for discrimination unmasked a buffering effect of PE. Conclusions Higher parent education is protective against depression for white youth. However, for black youth, higher parent education confers both risk and protective effects. The high discrimination among black youth from families with college or professionally-educated parents overwhelms the protective effect of higher parent education.

Key Points Question How do adolescents respond to media-based vicarious racism, and do these responses affect adolescent emotional health and well-being? Findings This qualitative focus group–based study with 18 participants found that adolescents experienced helplessness after exposure to media-based vicarious racism and that activism was used as a positive coping strategy. Meaning The findings suggest that activism may serve as a powerful coping mechanism, potentially reducing negative emotions for adolescents exposed to media-based vicarious racism; thus, activism may have implications for improving mental health outcomes and advancing societal changes.