Competences represent a summary of key professional and personal skills/talents and behavioural patterns of an individual. They form the basis of any proficient working behaviour, and the level of their maturity is crucial for the successful performance of the profession concerned. From this point of view, the competences of university teachers are of exceptional importance, mainly because teachers constitute the basis for the creation of new knowledge and new values beneficial to the university as well as to students, and subsequently also to enterprises in the role of employers, who should be able to use reasonably and develop systematically the mature competences of their employees. The intention of the study is to analyse the professional-personal profile of university teachers and the competences they should have. The study also presents outcomes of a questionnaire-based survey conducted with a sample of 686 students of the University of Žilina, the Slovak Republic. The first stage of our survey (2012/2013, 395 students) focused on questioning as to which competences the teacher should have according to students. The second stage of our survey (2013/2014), which is dealt with in this study, focuses on defining the negative competences and characteristics of teachers, i.e. it focuses on the question as to which features the teacher should certainly not have. In addition to interesting outcomes of the survey, the most important part of the study is an originally created competence model of the university teacher. Such competence model should become a quality standard or a paragon of the positive indicators of the teacher's working behaviour. The model also needs to clearly define the negative indicators (undesirable behaviour) which teachers should eliminate from their performance and behaviour. Persistence of such behaviour should be strictly penalised by the management of the faculty or university.
The enterprises operating in the e-business area represent an example of a sustainable entrepreneurship. These enterprises belong to those for which the people are the most valuable assets. Human capital management (HCM) represents a modern concept of people management that is based on the business strategy. Via measurement and assessment of the effectiveness of the utilization of human capital and effectiveness of investment in its development, this concept leads to the increase of performance and competitiveness of the enterprise within the context of sustainability. As part of the questionnaire survey, we found that enterprises in Slovakia have little use of the HCM concept. Despite the fact that they consider investing in education or training as the main form of investment in human capital, they do not evaluate the effectiveness of this investment in practice. By analyzing foreign studies, we have found that e-business enterprises consider IT education to be very important for their performance, competitiveness, and sustainability. The aim of the article is to explain the nature of HCM and to propose an approach to assess the effectiveness of investment in education as a part of the HCM process. Implementation of the approach was implemented in a fast-growing medium-sized IT and e-business enterprise where education is mainly implemented in the IT field. We also used an internal enterprise data analysis. The proposed example of HCM implementation in the part of evaluating the effectiveness of investment in education and the article can serve as a theoretical and practical aid to human resources managers in implementing the HCM concept.
Transport enterprises produce emissions during their activity, which is how they contribute to the polluting of the environment. The requirement of sustainability should therefore be incorporated into their concept of human capital management as well. The aim of this article is to point out the possibilities of application of various human capital management approaches leading to the requirement of increasing the efficiency, performance, competitiveness and sustainability of a transport enterprise in conditions of the Slovak Republic. Via the survey conducted in Slovak enterprises, we found out that the enterprises do not use human capital management much because they have only little knowledge about this concept of work with human capital. Based on the studying of professional literature, the results from the survey, and own experience, we designed two approaches for better implementation of human capital management leading to the increase of efficiency, performance and sustainability of enterprises operating in the field of public transport. The first one is the increase of human capital value via training, and the second consists of the metrics for the assessment of how effectively the enterprises use human capital. We have verified the application of the metrics in conditions of a concrete particular enterprise.
The ability to do business successfully and to stay on the market is a unique feature of each company ensured by highly engaged and high-quality employees. Therefore, innovative leaders able to manage, motivate, and encourage other employees can be a great competitive advantage of an enterprise. Knowledge of important personality factors regarding leadership, incentives and stimulus, systematic assessment, and subsequent motivation factors are parts of human capital and essential conditions for effective development of its potential. Familiarity with various ways to motivate leaders and their implementation in practice are important for improving the work performance and reaching business goals. Pearson’s chi-square test is used to test correlation between the motivation factors relating to career aspiration and education. Following the research results, the fact that there is dependence between the motivation factors relating to career aspiration and completed education can be stated. The motivation factors relating to career aspiration are important, even very important for highly educated employees and employees with upper secondary education. Following the research results, the fact that the requirements and expectations relating to career aspiration are more demanding when the education completed by employees is higher is confirmed.
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