Objective: Theory of mind (ToM) is the ability to infer others’ mental (Cognitive) and emotional (Affective) states, both being impaired in Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, the clinical, neuropsychological, and neuropsychiatric features underlying Affective and Cognitive ToM deficits in PD are unclear. Therefore, we performed a meta-analytic study to test whether PD demographical, clinical, neuropsychological, or neuropsychiatric changes related differently to both ToM processes. Method: A systematic literature search was performed up to January 2022, including a total of 31 studies following our search terms. Data from each study were obtained from demographic (age, education), clinical (disease duration, Hoehn & Yahr staging system, Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale-III, levodopa equivalent daily dose), neuropsychological (global cognitive functioning, memory subdomains, executive functions subdomains, processing speed/complex attention/working memory, visuospatial and constructional abilities, and language), and neuropsychiatric (depression, apathy, anxiety) variables. Results: Affective ToM impairment in PD was related to lower educational level and global cognition, deficits of generativity, decision making, attention/working memory, and language. Conversely, Cognitive ToM deficits were associated with advanced age, poorer global cognition, executive dysfunctions, and language impairments. Medication moderated the relationship between attention/working memory and Cognitive ToM, whereas age moderated the association of Affective ToM with language. No significant associations were found between ToM deficits and patients’ neuropsychiatric or clinical states. Conclusions: These findings clarify the neuropsychological and clinical features that explain ToM deficits in PD. Possibly, our results suggest the need to explore the complex neural networks involving frontostriatal and temporoparietal circuits behind changes in social cognition in PD.

This paper investigates the presence of anxiety, anger and depression in a sample of patients with asthma from a hospital environment and a sample of people free of this respiratory disease. For this research, the Anxiety Situations and Responses Inventory (ASRA), the Spanish adaptation of the Stait-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI) and the Tri-dimensional Personality Questionnaire for Depression (TPQD) were used. Patients with respiratory disease scored significantly higher on negative emotions than people without asthma. The results will be discussed to consider the importance of taking emotions into account in order to handle the disease in a comprehensive manner

En el presente artículo se expone una revisión de los cursos MOOC. Antes de dar paso a las posibles ventajas de esta forma de aprendizaje, los inconvenientes, las metodologías pedagógicas y las distintas herramientas utilizadas, así como los principales retos de estos cursos en el futuro inmediato, se realiza un recorrido sobre su definición, nacimiento, historia y clases. Y a manera de cierre, se presentan distintas conclusiones en cuanto a la validez pedagógica, de calidad y viabilidad económica respecto a esta modalidad educativa.