El propósito del estudio es establecer los conocimientos, la dinámica familiar y comunitaria de madres de hijos con discapacidad que sirvan de base para la instrumentación de programas de intervención. Participaron 42 madres con edades entre 19 y 49 años (M = 31.14) de un Centro de Rehabilitación Infantil perteneciente a la Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional en México. Se utilizó una guía de entrevista semi-estructurada para explorar los conocimientos, la dinámica familiar y comunitaria de las familias. Las madres reportaron que no recibieron preparación de cómo tratar a sus hijos; sin embargo, ellas consideran la importancia de adquirir conocimientos especializados para entender y tratar al menor. Las madres que no tienen los conocimientos necesarios sobre la discapacidad de su hijo no son capaces de entender ni aceptar la condición del niño, conllevando a la negación del problema, inconformidad, culpa y depresión. Se observó en el estudio que una adecuada preparación de la madre después del nacimiento de su hijo, acerca de la discapacidad, puede proveer una mejor interacción y funcionamiento de estas familias. Palabras Clave: Discapacidad, Conocimientos de discapacidad, Dinámica Familiar, Dinámica comunitaria, Madres de hijos con discapacidad. CHARACTERIZATION OF THE KNOWLEDGE OF MOTHERS CONCERNING THEIR CHILDREN´S DISABILITY AND THE RELATION WITH THE FAMILY DYNAMICS AbstractThe purpose of this study is to enquire about the knowledge, as well as about the family and community dynamics of mothers of children with disabilities, as a basis to implement intervention programs. Participants were 42 mothers aged between 19 and 49 years (M= 31.14) who attended a Children´s Rehabilitation Center belonging to the National Defense Secretariat in Mexico [SEDENA, for its Spanish acronym]. Semi-structured interviews were used to assess the mother's knowledge on the disability of the child and the family and community dynamics. Mothers reported receiving no training on how to treat their children, though they considered the importance of acquiring expertise to understand and treat the child. Mothers who do not have the necessary knowledge about their child's disability are not able to understand or accept the child's condition, leading to a denial of the problem, dissatisfaction, guilt and depression. It was noted in the study that proper preparation of the mother after the birth of her child, in terms of the disability can provide a better interaction and functioning of these families.
Child maltreatment is a public health problem with different consequences depending on the form of abuse. Measuring risk and protective factors has been a fertile ground for research, without involving instruments with sufficient evidence of validity. The aim of the study was to gather evidence of validity and reliability of the Inventory Brief Child Abuse Potential (IBCAP) and Protective Factors Survey (PFS) in the Mexican population. The instruments were translated into Spanish. In a non-probabilistic sample of 200 participants, the 7-factor model for the IBCAP [comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.984; root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.067] and the 4-factor model for the PFS (CFI = 0.974; RMSEA = 0.061) were confirmed, showing adequate fit indices. Reliability was estimated and evidence of convergent, divergent, and discriminant validity was collected, controlling for effects of social desirability. We also report interpretability statistics of the scores. We achieved solid progress in the development of instrumentation that allows determining the presence or absence of protective and risk factors for child abuse.
La contribución del MMPI-2 a la predicción del riesgo de violencia
Se propone un perfil detector de las falsificaciones que se dan con el MMPI-2, proponiendo la inversión de las puntuaciones directas de L y K y añadiendo cuatro nuevas escalas específicas: Odecp, Ds-r, S, F-K. Para esto se formaron dos grupos: control, compuesto por los subgrupos normal y clínico que contestan de forma estándar al MMPI-2, y experimental, formado por tres subgrupos instruidos para contestar al MMPI-2 de una manera determinada: mostrando buena imagen, mala imagen y de forma inconsistente. El resultado de este estudio es un perfil con las escalas de validez propuestas para la detección de las distintas falsificaciones que pueden realizar los sujetos que han contestado al cuestionario del MMPI-2.
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