The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Archachatina marginata mucin on the aggressive factors of gastric ulcer challenged rat stomach tissue. Thirty adult male wistar rats were divided into six groups of five rats each. Group I (normal control) was administered with 2 ml/kg b.w distilled water; Group II was administered with 120 mg/kg b.w indomethacin only. However, Groups III, IV and V were administered with 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg b.w mucin respectively, while Group VI was administered with the standard drug (mistoprostol) daily for 10 days. After the 10 th day of pretreatment, Groups III-VI were administered with 120 mg/kg b.w indomethacin. Gastric juice was collected, after animals had been anaesthetized. The rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation seven hours after indomethacin administration. Free acidity, total acidity, pepsin activity, gastric juice volume and acid output were determined using standard methods. There was a significant increase in the level of free and total acidy as well as pepsin activity with a concomitant increase in gastric juice volume as well as acid output (59.00±5.43 mEq/L), (85.20±7.49mEq/L), (1.39±0.62μg/ml), (4.40±0.77ml) and (0.26±0.04 μEq/L/4hrs) in Group II compared to Group I (normal control) (40.60±6.39mEq/L), (71.00±9.30mEq/L), (1.18±0.41μg/ml), (2.58±0.87 ml) and (0.11±0.03μEq/L/4hrs) respectively. However, there was a significant reduction in the level of free and total acidity as well as pepsin activity with a concomitant decrease in gastric juice volume and acid output in Groups III, IV and V administered with 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg b.w. While values recorded with 800 mg/kg b.w mucin was not significantly different from those obtained with the 20 μg/kg b.w standard drug (mistoprostol). In conclusion, It can be deduced from this work that mucin from A. marginata can be considered suitable candidate for the development of a gastric ulcer drug.
This study investigated the effect of short term aerobic exercise on lipid profile and myoglobin levels in apparently healthy students of College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria. A total of 60 apparently healthy young students aged between 18-40 years were randomly selected for the study. They were rested for a period of two weeks after which they were subjected to football exercise for 30 minutes (3 times) in a week for a period of 3 weeks. The demographic and anthropometric data of subjects were obtained using a well-structured questionnaire. Their blood pressures reading were obtained also. Thereafter, 5mls of baseline (day 0) and post-exercise (day 21) blood samples were collected from each subject before the commencement and at the end of the exercise on the last day of the training into a plain container for estimation of biochemical parameters (TG, TC, LDL, HDL, Myoglobin levels) respectively using standard methods. Data obtained were statistically analysed by unpaired student t-test and Pearson r correlation. The result showed that the mean serum levels of TG (1.41±0.60 vs 1.04±0.43) TC (5.22±0.98 vs 4.41± 0.90), LDL (3.92±0.99 vs 3.36±0.92) as well as myoglobin (16.04± 4.64 vs 13.38±5.21) and DBP (75.16±10.54 vs 68.59±8.57) were significantly decreased, whereas, there was a significant increase in the mean serum level of HDL (0.83± 0.30 vs 0.95±0.28) and SBP (114.69±9.21 vs 131.48±12.84) in subjects after exercise when compared to before exercise (p<0.05). However, the mean BMI of the subjects remained the same before and after exercise (p>0.05). Therefore, short term moderate intensity aerobic exercise could be of importance in prevention and management of cardiovascular disease.Key Words: Short Term Aerobic Exercise, Football Training, Lipid Profile, Myoglobin, Apparently Healthy Students, Nnewi Campus. IntroductionThe word exercise is derived from the latin word -EXERCITIUM‖ which means to train. Exercise is a process in which energy stored as chemical compound is transformed into mechanical and heat energy (Nevell et al., 1989). Exercises are generally grouped into three types depending on the overall effect they have on the human body:
The aim of this work was to evaluate the nutritional and hepatotoxic potential of leaf of T. danielli. Freshly harvested leaves of T. danielli was dried at room temperature, ground to fine powder. 500 g of powdered plant sample was soaked in 2 litres of 70% methanol for 72 hrs. The resulting extract was filtered and filtrate concentrated. Twenty adult male albino rats were divided into 4 groups of 5 rats per group. · Group I: Normal control was fed with only normal rat diet and water ad libitum. · Group II: Rats were administered with 200 mg/kg b.w of extract of T.danielli leaf orally. · Group III: Rats were administered with 400 mg/kg b.w of methanol extract of T.danielli leaf orally. · Group IV: Rats were administered with 600 mg/kg b.w of methanol extract of T.danielli leaf orally. Nutrient composition of the leaf of T. danielli was determined using standard procedures. The proximate analysis on the leaf of the said plant revealed the presence of moisture, ash, fat, protein, fibre and carbohydrate with fat being more abundant (17.30±1.28%) than every other components and carbohydrate the least abundant (8.29±0.20%). However, analysis on the mineral composition, revealed the presence of calcium, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, sodium and iron. While calcium (7.20±0.23 g/ 100 g) was reportedly the most abundant of all elements, sodium was the least (0.40±0.03 g/ 100g). Evaluation of the vitamin composition of the leaf of T. danielli revealed the presence of vitamins A, B1, B3, B5, B6 and B12. B12 was the most abundant (8.32±0.42 g/ 100g) of the vitamins. The activity of serum hepatomarkers evaluated was not significantly (P>0.05) different from that reported on the control following oral administration of aqueous extract of T. danielli. In conclusion, the leaf of T. danielli contains vital nutrients and has no hepatotoxic effect.
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