The first permanent molar (FPM) plays an essential role in the masticatory function by contributing to the implementation and the maintenance of the occlusion. However, it is considered as the most frequently affected and the earliest affected tooth by caries; 27.4% of the 6-8 years old children have developed at least one cavity on one of the four first permanent molars, according to a study conducted among 3276 school children in Casablanca .Therefore, the FPM should benefit from special vigilance on the part of the practitioner to ensure that any early carious lesion is intercepted. In addition, the FPM, due to its period of mineralization coinciding with early childhood diseases, can erupt with a structural abnormality. Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is considered to be the most common defects observed on first permanent molars among children. A study conducted among 1077 children aged 7-10 years enrolled in schools in Casablanca showed that 7.9% of children were affected with MIH. About 84.7% of the children had the four molars affected. Children with HIM had a significantly higher prevalence of caries: 78.8 versus 33.5%.These structural abnormalities of the enamel must be carried out earlier to ensure that the coronary anatomy is the least compromised.
Objectives: The objectives of this study are to evaluate the efficacy of midazolam as a means of conscious sedation in pediatric odontology through three routes of administration: oral, rectal and nasal administration, to compare the efficacy of these different routes and to assess the general safety of Midazolam. Materials and Methods: Thirty healthy non-cooperating (ASAI) patients (levels 1 and 2 on the FRANKL scale), aged 2 to 5 years and requiring a minimum of three dental sessions were recruited. Each patient received three sessions of sedation, using a different route of administration each time: oral (0.5 mg/kg), rectal (0.3 mg/kg) and nasal (0.2 mg/kg). The assessment of the behavior throughout the dental care was made using the Houpt scale. Physiological parameters(heart rate and oxygen saturation) were measured every five minutes to assess tolerance. Results: The three routes of administration of midazolam were considered effective since all patients presented a behavior allowing a complete management without interruption of care except for one patient. The sedative effect of the oral and rectal routes was similar, as to the nasal route, it was judged to be clinically better but without any statistically significant differences. The most accepted route of administration by patients was the oral one followed by the nasal and rectal routes. No intolerance to midazolam was observed. Conclusion: Midazolam is an effective sedative for dental care, acceptable by patients and well tolerated regardless of the route of administration.
Contexte et objectif : L’apprentissage par problème (APP) représente l’une des innovations pédagogiques les plus marquantes en éducation des sciences de la santé au cours des cinq dernières décennies. Cette méthode a été adoptée à travers le monde par de nombreuses facultés de médecine et de médecine dentaire. À la Faculté de médecine dentaire de Casablanca nous avons introduit pour la première fois en 2010 l’APP dans la discipline d’odontologie pédiatrique. L’objectif de cette étude exploratoire est de documenter l’impact de cette méthode d’enseignement sur la performance académique, ainsi que la satisfaction des étudiants vis-à-vis de cette modalité. Méthodes : Les 85 étudiants de 4e année de la Faculté de médecine dentaire de Casablanca ont été divisés au cours de l’année universitaire 2011–2012 en deux groupes : un groupe ayant bénéficié de l’APP et un groupe contrôle exposé à un enseignement traditionnel. L’efficacité de l’APP a été mesurée en comparant le niveau de connaissances et la qualité du raisonnement des deux groupes. La satisfaction des étudiants a été mesurée à l’aide d’un questionnaire administré à la fin de la dernière séance d’APP. Résultats : La moyenne des scores était de 3,96/10 (écart type = 1,42) pour le groupe APP et de 3,23/10 (écart type = 1,38) pour le groupe contrôle (p < 0,05). La majorité des participants (90,9 %) ont trouvé les séances d’APP tout à fait intéressantes et presque tous (97 %) ont exprimé le souhait de l’étendre à d’autres cours. Pour la plupart des étudiants (90,9 %), les situations problèmes étaient claires et favorisaient les discussions de groupe. Conclusion : Les résultats de cette étude plaident en faveur du développement de l’enseignement par APP en odontologie pédiatrique.
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