The first permanent molar (FPM) plays an essential role in the masticatory function by contributing to the implementation and the maintenance of the occlusion. However, it is considered as the most frequently affected and the earliest affected tooth by caries; 27.4% of the 6-8 years old children have developed at least one cavity on one of the four first permanent molars, according to a study conducted among 3276 school children in Casablanca .Therefore, the FPM should benefit from special vigilance on the part of the practitioner to ensure that any early carious lesion is intercepted. In addition, the FPM, due to its period of mineralization coinciding with early childhood diseases, can erupt with a structural abnormality. Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is considered to be the most common defects observed on first permanent molars among children. A study conducted among 1077 children aged 7-10 years enrolled in schools in Casablanca showed that 7.9% of children were affected with MIH. About 84.7% of the children had the four molars affected. Children with HIM had a significantly higher prevalence of caries: 78.8 versus 33.5%.These structural abnormalities of the enamel must be carried out earlier to ensure that the coronary anatomy is the least compromised.

Treatment of necrotic immature teeth has always been a real challenge for the clinician due to the open apex and weak root structure, which does not allow a conventional endodontic treatment. Several therapeutic options are possible to treat those teeth. Calcium hydroxide apexification is the oldest and most studied therapeutic option, but it has some disadvantages, including the long term of treatment, the possibility of reinfection, and the weakness of the wall. To solve these problems, several authors recommend the revascularization technique. This therapy allows the continuation of root edification with apical closure and thickening of the walls. The aim of our work is to compare the two therapeutic procedures, apexification with calcium hydroxide and revascularization, through a clinical case treated and followed up for 24 months at the pediatric dentistry department in Casablanca, Morocco.

Contexte et objectif : L’apprentissage par problème (APP) représente l’une des innovations pédagogiques les plus marquantes en éducation des sciences de la santé au cours des cinq dernières décennies. Cette méthode a été adoptée à travers le monde par de nombreuses facultés de médecine et de médecine dentaire. À la Faculté de médecine dentaire de Casablanca nous avons introduit pour la première fois en 2010 l’APP dans la discipline d’odontologie pédiatrique. L’objectif de cette étude exploratoire est de documenter l’impact de cette méthode d’enseignement sur la performance académique, ainsi que la satisfaction des étudiants vis-à-vis de cette modalité. Méthodes : Les 85 étudiants de 4e année de la Faculté de médecine dentaire de Casablanca ont été divisés au cours de l’année universitaire 2011–2012 en deux groupes : un groupe ayant bénéficié de l’APP et un groupe contrôle exposé à un enseignement traditionnel. L’efficacité de l’APP a été mesurée en comparant le niveau de connaissances et la qualité du raisonnement des deux groupes. La satisfaction des étudiants a été mesurée à l’aide d’un questionnaire administré à la fin de la dernière séance d’APP. Résultats : La moyenne des scores était de 3,96/10 (écart type = 1,42) pour le groupe APP et de 3,23/10 (écart type = 1,38) pour le groupe contrôle (p < 0,05). La majorité des participants (90,9 %) ont trouvé les séances d’APP tout à fait intéressantes et presque tous (97 %) ont exprimé le souhait de l’étendre à d’autres cours. Pour la plupart des étudiants (90,9 %), les situations problèmes étaient claires et favorisaient les discussions de groupe. Conclusion : Les résultats de cette étude plaident en faveur du développement de l’enseignement par APP en odontologie pédiatrique.

This paper reports the case of a Moroccan girl with a phenotype within the clinical spectrum of both Hallermann-Streiff (HSS, OMIM 234100) and Oculodentodigital Dysplasia (ODDD, OMIM 164200) syndromes. The patient presented with repeated dental abscesses and severe early childhood caries. She had no learning deficit nor psychomotor regression; however, a language delay was noted. She also presented with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and specific craniofacial features pathognomonic of HSS. Radiographic examination showed enamel and dentin defects, giving a ghost-like tooth appearance. Several clinical features of ODDD overlap those of HSS and may confuse diagnosis, considering that the inheritance of HSS is not described yet. The diagnostic odyssey of this patient ended with the identification by exome sequencing of a novel homozygous alteration in the GJA1 gene. A missense substitution in exon 2 [Chr6(GRCh37): g.121768554C&gt;G NM_000165.4: c.561C&gt;G p.Cys187Trp] was identified by whole-exome sequencing (WES), suggesting a diagnosis of ODDD. This is the first report of a homozygous mutation affecting the second extracellular loop of the CX43 protein.

having type 1 diabetes [2,3]. In Morocco, as in the world, diabetes is expanding, about 100,000 children are already affected by type 1 diabetes, according to the Moroccan Association of Autoimmune and Systemic Diseases [4]. Since diabetes and tooth decay remain widespread chronic diseases, it became a major need to study the correlation between these two conditions. Frequent consumption of ferme carbohydrates is now recognized as one of the causes of tooth decay. Poorly controlled diabetes creates significant cariogenic changes in the oral environment including increased