The annual soybean demand in Indonesia reaches 3.09 million ton, with 81% of which are fulfilled through import that mostly consist of transgenic soybean. This condition has become a food safety issue, especially related to the protein content and quality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the equivalence of protein content and quality of Grobogan local soybean flour (GLSF) compared to transgenic imported soybean flour (TISF) and non-transgenic imported soybean flour (NTSF). The research design was using completely randomized design with 5 replicates (rats) for each treatments. The protein content equivalence test was carried out using the Kjeldhal method, while the protein quality equivalence test was carried out with experimental rats, namely based on the growth method and the nitrogen balance method. Five groups of Sprague Dawley male albino rats, each consisted of 5 rats, were given feeds which contained 10% protein respectively from GLSF, TISF, NTSF, casein as control and a non-protein group. The observationt was carried out for 28 days. The results showed that GLSF had the highest protein content (49.7%db). The equivalence test of protein quality based on growth method showed no significant difference (p>0.05) in feed conversion efficiency, protein efficiency ratio and net protein ratio parameters. The similar test which was based on nitrogen balance method also showed no significant difference (p>0.05) in true protein digestibility, biological value and net protein utilisation parameters between the types of soybean flour. It can be concluded that although the highest protein content was found in GLSF, the three soybean flour types are equivalent in terms of protein quality.

The objectives of this study were to prepare nanoparticle by using extract of Tectona grandis L. leaf and to deposit nanoparticle on goat leather via ex situ method, and also to characterize the antimicrobial activity of modified goat leather. The stages in this study were preparing of silver nanoparticles via green synthesis method by using extract of teak leaf, characterizing of nanoparticle by using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer and Particle Size Analyzer (PSA), impregnating the nanoparticle on the pickle leather by ex situ method, and analysing the antibacterial and antifungal activities of modified leather by the diffusion method. The silver nanoparticles were greenish brown in colour, having absorption at the wavelengths of 449 nm which indicator the formation of silver nanoparticles. The silver nanoparticles have an average particle size of 109.9 nm. The results of antimicrobial tests against the bacteria Staphylococcus epidermidis DNCC 6018, Escherichia coli FNCC 0047, and the fungus Candida albicans ANCC 0048 showed that all variations of the leather have different abilities in inhibiting the growth of the bacteria and the fungi. The pickle leathers after modification with nanoparticle Ag showed the highest antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus epidermidis DNCC 6018 and Escherichia coli FNCC 0047.

Silver nanoparticles can be prepared by using a microorganism. The objectives of the study were to determine the ability of Fusarium oxysporum BNT-02 in reducing silver nitrate solution to silver nanoparticles, to evaluate the effect of variations in treatment of textile materials toward antibacterial activity of textile materials impregnated with silver nanoparticles on Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25924 and Escherichia coli ATCC 35218. In this study, silver nanoparticle were obtained by reducing the AgNO3 solution by F.oxysporum BNT-02. Coating of silver nanoparticles on textile materials was carried out by inserting sterile textile material into silver nanoparticle and shaking then drying. The textile material modified with silver nanoparticles was characterized for antibacterial activity against S.aureus ATCC 25924 and E.coli ATCC 35218. The inhibition zone to determine antibacterial activity was observed every 6 hours for 48 hours of incubation time. The inhibition zone data was analyzed using ANCOVA and t-test. The results showed that F.oxysporum BNT-02 can be used as a reducing agent for producing silver nanoparticles. The textile material coated with silver nanoparticles had antibacterial properties against S. aureus ATCC 25924 and E. coli ATCC 35218. Antibacterial activity of textile materials coated with silver nanoparticles on S.aureus ATCC 25924 showed a larger inhibition zone than E.coli ATCC 35218.