Abstract. Kuspradini H, Rosiarto AM, Putri AS, Kusuma IW. 2016. Antioxidant and toxicity properties of anthocyanin extracted from red flower of four tropical shrubs. Nusantara . Some of flowers are colored by anthocyanins and make their own shade profile. Anthocyanins are natural colorants which have gained a growing interest due to their extensive range of colors and beneficial health effects. Anthocyanin content, antioxidant and toxicity activity of four red flowers (Bougainvillea glabra, Jatropha integerrima, Melastoma malabathricum and Mussaenda philippica) has been evaluated in this study by pH-differential, DPPH and Brine Shrimp Lethality method, respectively. In this present work, 1% HCl-ethanol and ethanol solvent were used for the extraction. The extractive yield was varied in different extraction system, 5.80 to 13.30% in 1% HCl-ethanol and 6.29 to 8.81% in ethanol solvent. The IC 50 of antioxidant from different extraction systems were also varied, whereas the acidified ethanol extracts showed a highest scavenging activity than the ethanol extracts, 11.67 to 46.38 ppm and 79.08 to 133.35 ppm, respectively. The free radical scavenging action of 1% HCl-ethanol extracts of flower are in the order as J. integerrima > M. malabathricum > M. philippica > B. glabra while in the ethanol extracts are in the order as M. malabathricum > J. integerrima > B. glabra >M. philippica. In the group of 1% HCl-ethanol extracts, Jatropha integerrima Jacq was the richest in anthocyanin content (15.83 mg CGE/100 g DW) and showed the strongest antioxidant activity (11.67 ppm) and not toxic. Therefore, these can be regarded as a potential pigment source for food and natural product applications.

Background: Litsea angulata is a plant species belonging to Lauraceae family that is distributed throughout Indonesia, Malaysia, and New Guinea. The seeds have been traditionally used by local people in Kalimantan, Indonesia for the treatment of boils; however, there is no information about the potency of its branch, bark and leaves yet. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant, antimicrobial activity as well as the phytochemical constituent of Litsea angulata branch, bark, and leaves. Methods: Extraction was performed by successive maceration method using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol solvent. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging assay. The antimicrobial activity using the 96 well-plate microdilution broth method against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans. Results: Based on the phytochemical analysis, it showed that extract of L. angulata contains alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, and coumarin. The results showed that all extracts of plant samples displayed the ability to inhibit DPPH free radical formation and all tested microorganisms. Conclusions: L. angulata contains secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, carotenoids, and coumarin. The antioxidant activity on different plant extracts was a range as very strong to weak capacity. All extracts in this study could inhibit the growth of S. aureus and S. mutans.

No abstract

Abstract. Kuspradini H, Putri AS, Egra S, Yanti. 2019. Short Communication: In vitro antibacterial activity of essential oils from twelve aromatic plants from East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 2039-2042. In the aim of this works was to investigate the antibacterial activity of twelve essential oils against Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus, oral pathogen causing dental caries. The essential oils were collected by a steam distillation method. Refractive index was measured by using a refractometer. The antibacterial activity of essential oils was determined using an agar well diffusion method. The yields of essential oils varied with the plant species. The steam distillation yielded clear to yellowish essential oils. Refractive indexes of oil were found to be in the range of 1.344 to 1.500. Syzigium sp. appeared to be more abundant in oil (1.54%) than the other plant species, while C. odorata was poorer (0.04%). All of the essential oils tested showed a varied level of inhibition zone (0-53.65 mm) against S. mutans and S. sobrinus. The oil from leaves of Cymbopogon citratus had the highest activity against S. sobrinus and S. mutans (53.15 and 52.85 mm, respectively). On the other hand, the Magnolia x alba oil showed the lowest activity against S. mutans and S. sobrinus (10.50 and 11.65 mm, respectively). The research results demonstrated that the essential oil in this study has the potency for development of dental health products for preventing and treating oral infections.

Eucalyptus is one of the plants used in the pulp and paper industry, and their leaves are known as forest harvesting waste that potential to produce essential oils. This research aimed to examine the physicochemical profiles of Eucalyptus pellita leaf essential oils grown in East Kalimantan and their potential antibacterial activity. The essential oils distilled using water and steam distillation methods. Analysis of physicochemical profiles from this oil included yield, colour, refractive index, solubility in alcohol, and chemical compositions by GC-MS. Antibacterial activity assayed by agar diffusion method against Streptococcus sobrinus and S. mutans. The results showed that E. pellita oil's physicochemical profile was 0.86% of yield, 1.465 of refractive index, and solubility in alcohol was 1:1. Chemical components contained in E. pellita oil dominated by β-pinene (33.49%), patchouli alcohol (13.77%), 1,7,7trimethyl-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene (9.81%), eucalyptol (1,8-Cineole) (6.7%), and trans-β-caryophyllene (6.7%). This oil was active to inhibit all bacterias' growth in a range of 14.78-22.33 mm against S. sobrinus and ranging from 14.00 mm to 52.00 mm against S. mutans. This forest harvesting waste potential to develop as a new source of essential oil (eucalyptol oil).