Učenje in poučevanje geometrije v osnovni šoliKnjižnica Ludus · 5 · ISSN 2630-3809 Urednica zbirke · Silva Bratož NAravoslovno MAtematična Pismenost, Opolnomočenje, Tehnologija in Interaktivnost (NA-MA POTI): Operacijo delno sofinancirata Republika Slovenija, Ministrstvo za izobraževanje, znanost in šport ter Evropska unija iz Evropskega socialnega sklada. Operacija se izvaja v okviru Operativnega programa za izvajanje evropske kohezijske politike v obdobju 2014-2020, prednostna os »10. Znanje, spretnosti in vseživljenjsko učenje za boljšo zaposljivost«, prednostna naložba »10.1 Izboljšanje enakega dostopa do vseživljenjskega učenja za vse starostne skupine pri formalnih, neformalnih in priložnostnih oblikah učenja, posodobitev znanja, spretnosti in kompetenc delovne sile ter spodbujanje prožnih oblik učenja, tudi s poklicnim svetovanjem in potrjevanjem pridobljenih kompetenc«, specifični cilj »3. Spodbujanje prožnih oblik učenja ter podpora kakovostni karierni orientaciji za šolajočo se mladino na vseh ravneh izobraževalnega sistema«. Publikacija je brezplačna. Učenje in poučevanje geometrije v osnovni šoliSanela Mešinović, Mara Cotič in Amalija Žakelj Recenzenta · Darjo Felda in Štefko Miklavič Lektor · Davorin Dukić Oblikovanje naslovnice · Tina Cotič Risbe, oblikovanje in tehnična ureditev · Alen Ježovnik Knjižnica Ludus · 5 · ISSN 2630-3809 Urednica zbirke · Silva Bratož Izdala in založila · Založba Univerze na Primorskem Titov trg 4, 6000 Koper www.hippocampus.si Glavni urednik · Jonatan Vinkler Vodja založbe · Alen Ježovnik Koper · 2019 Digitalna izdaja Kataložni zapis o publikaciji (CIP) pripravili v Narodni in univerzitetni knjižnici v Ljubljani COBISS.SI-ID=299731456 ISBN 978-961-7055-61-0 (pdf ) ISBN 978-961-7055-62-7 (html) Kazalo Seznam slik · 7 Seznam preglednic · 9 1 Uvod·11 2 Geometrija·13 Kratka zgodovina geometrije · 13 Evklidska geometrija · 15 Neevklidska geometrija · 15 3 Pristopi učenja in poučevanja · 19 Kognitivni in konstruktivistični pogled na poučevanje · 19 Transmisijski in konstruktivistični pristop učenja in poučevanja · 20 Induktivno in deduktivno učenje pojmov · 23 Aktivno učenje · 29 Metode učenja in poučevanja matematike · 34 Procesno-didaktični pristop učenja in poučevanja matematike · 37 Dejavniki učenja in poučevanja učenja matematike · 40 4 Didaktična sredstva in pripomočki · 47 Pojem didaktična sredstva · 47 Uporaba didaktičnih sredstev · 48 Vrste didaktičnih sredstev · 49 Didaktična sredstva pri pouku geometrije · 50 5 Učenje in poučevanje geometrije · 57 Učenje in poučevanje geometrije v slovenski osnovni šoli · 57 Prostorske predstave · 65 Geometrijske predstave · 67 Učenje geometrije po metodi van Hiele · 81 Vizualizacija geometrijskih problemov na geoplošči in mreži · 95 6 Sklep ·107 Literatura · 109 Imensko kazalo · 117Geometrija Geometrija je poleg aritmetike najstarejša matematična veja, ki se ukvarja s prostorskimi značilnostmi teles in njihovimi medsebojnimi odnosi. Beseda geometrija izvira iz grških besed geo = Zemlja in metria = merjenje, kar nam pove, da se je p...
a b s t r a c tAn Mg-7Sn-1Al-1Zn alloy known to have excellent extrudability and superior strength was subjected to artificial cooling during indirect extrusion by directly spraying water onto the extruded rod at the die exit. The results obtained revealed that this artificial cooling dramatically reduces the temperature of the deformation zone during extrusion, thereby creating a finer grain size, an intensified texture and a greater amount of precipitates when compared to extrusion without artificial cooling. The yield and tensile strength of the extruded alloy is also significantly improved, which is attributed to the effects of grain refinement in combination with an enhanced texture and precipitate hardening.
In school, reading literacy is also vital for learning mathematics and development of mathematical literacy. In addition to knowing and understanding numbers, symbols, and relations among them, also large enough vocabulary is needed, and the ability of reading and understanding word problems or mathematical texts. The empirical research is based on the descriptive and causal non-experimental method, with data having been gathered with the support of a test of mathematical knowledge. In the sample, 89 students of the third grade of basic school were involved. The results of the empirical research that examined the relations between the performance of students in mathematics and in Slovenian have shown the students with higher grades in Slovenian have performed better in solving simple and more demanding mathematical problems than the students with lower grades in Slovenian.
1This paper presents the findings that are parts of a larger international project studying the achievements in mathematics and science for students in primary and lower secondary education. Specifically, we focused on the study of differences in mathematics achievement for Serbian and Slovenian fourth-graders. The study used a sample of 7,861 fourth-grade students from Serbia (N = 3,736) and Slovenia (N = 4,125
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