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The growth of gas emissions (GE) in the environment that stirred climate change, has correlated with the decline of fossil fuels. Generally, GE was produced by burning fossil fuels such as gasoline in the combustion engine. Gasoline has higher air toxic emissions than ethanol. Hence, the investigation of ethanol has gained attention. On the other hand, biomass has become a renewable source of ethanol. However, due to the rigid structure of biomass, biomass pretreatment is needed before the hydrolysis and fermentation process. Recently, growing attention has been devoted to applying ionic liquids (ILs)-assisted pretreatment despite the high-cost process. Therefore, in this study, to optimize the ethanol production from biomass, the simulation using SuperPro Designer (SPD) software was conducted. Bagasse as biomass material was treated by IL, namely choline acetate (ChOAc), with the range of ratio IL/biomass of 0–1.5. The developed SPD model was validated with published data. The results indicated that the minimum ratio of IL/biomass was 1.3. When in the hydrolysis performed at high-loading after 72 h reaction time, the glucose and xylose concentrations were 49 g/L and 13 g/L, respectively. When the fermentation process was conducted, the initial mixed sugar solution concentration was 23 g/L of glucose and 6 g/L of xylose. Then, the ethanol concentration was 15 g/L at 24 h, which was 89% of the theoretical ethanol yield. To conclude, the developed SPD model not only could support to optimize the biomass refinery into low GE of ethanol but also could reduce large cost experimental.

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Kajian ini merangkum teknologi dan inovasi sistem pengendalian yang berpotensi diterapkan dalam intensifikasi proses hidrolisis selulosa pada produksi bioetanol G2. Telaah dimulai dari perkembangan terbaru intensifikasi produksi bioetanol secara umum. Hidrolisis selulosa adalah tahapan pembeda antara proses bioetanol G2 dan generasi sebelumnya. Perhatian utama dalam intensifikasi hidrolisis selulosa adalah pada bagaimana hidrolisis selulosa terintegrasi dengan sistem pengendalinya dan integrasi hidrolisis selulosa dengan bagian hulu (pretreatment) dan hilir (penyulingan). Keunikan proses ini adalah durasi kerja yang membutuhkan 48 jam dan viskositas campuran yang tergantung waktu. Bagian akhir telaah ini memetakan potensi penerapan teknologi dan inovasi terbaru yang telah dirangkum. Pemetaan berdasarkan potensi peningkatan efisiensi dan potensi tambahan investasi. Sakarifikasi Very High Gravity (VHG) pada kecepatan pengadukan optimum dan intermitten dinilai sebagai pilihan paling menarik bila intensifikasi dilakukan pada unit produksi yang telah berdiri. Namun jika intensifikasi untuk rancangan pabrik baru, maka tangki hidrolisis yang dirancang dengan simulasi CFD, dilengkapi dengan sekat (baffles) yang bergerak terkendali, dan rancangan batang pengaduk (impeller) paling cocok menurut simulasi adalah pilihan menarik. Rancangan ini kemudian diintegrasikan dengan sistem pengendali yang mampu memperkirakan perubahan viskositas. Review on Potency of Application Recent Technology in the Integrated Process and Control on Cellulose Hydrolysis in Bioethanol G2 Production ProcessAbstractThis review listed current technologies and innovations in the control system which potentially applied in the intensification of cellulose hydrolysis as part of 2nd Generation Bioethanol production process. The review started from the general latest innovations in the 2nd Generation Bioethanol. Cellulose hydrolysis as the main characteristics in the 2nd Generation of Bioethanol required further attention in the intensification. Especially in how to integrate cellulose hydrolysis with its control system and to integrate it with upstream and downstream units. The special requirements in cellulose hydrolysis are 48 hours agitation duration and time-dependent mixture viscosity. At the end of the review, listed technologies were assessed to be applied in the 2nd Generation Bioethanol. The assessment was based on their potency in increasing process efficiency and the potency of required investment if they are applied. A Very High Gravity (VHG) saccharification at optimum intermittent agitation speed was a promising innovation for cellulose hydrolysis if intensification was conducted onto the existing production plant. If intensification is conducted to a plant design, building an agitation tank according to best Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulation, complemented with controlled moving baffles and best suitable impeller design is a promising design for efficient hydrolysis. This agitation tank was then completed with the advanced available control system, which is capable to adapt the viscosity changes.