Background Qnr genes are known to confer a low-level resistance to fluoroquinolone in Enterobacteriaceae . They are often found on the same resistance plasmids as extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and constitute the most common antibiotic resistance mechanism. This study aimed to detect the presence of qn r genes in ESBL -producing E. coli and Klebsiella spp . Methods From May 2013 to July 2015, 91 E. coli and 64 Klebsiella spp. strains with phenotypic resistance to quinolone were collected from several specimens and analyzed for the detection of qnrA, qnrB, qnrS genes and the β-lactamase resistance genes ( blaCTX-M , blaTEM , blaSHV ) using simplex and multiplex PCR. Results In the present study, 107 (69%; 61 E. coli and 46 Klebsiella spp. ) of 155 bacterial strains tested were found harboring at least one qnr gene consisting of 74 (47.74%) qnrB , 73 (47.10%) qnrS and 4 (2.58%) qnrA . Of the 107 strains encoding qnr genes, 102, 96 and 52 carried CTX-M1 , TEM and SHV type ESBL respectively. Conclusion This study identified quinolone resistance ( qnr ) gene in ESBL -producing E. coli and Klebsiella spp. in Togo. These finding which suggest a possible resistance to quinolone are of high interest for better management of patients and control of antimicrobial resistance in Togo. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13756-019-0552-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Background: Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) appeared some years after the introduction in hospital environment of unhydrolysable or extended-spectrum cephalosporins. Several studies have been reported on the blaTEM, blaCTX-M and blaSHV genes in ESBL producing Enterobacteria, however very few studies reported in the literature are related to blaCTX-M subgroup blaTOHO. TOHO enzymes were responsible for healthcare-associated infections in hospitals and in the community. In Burkina Faso, data related to these types of enzymes were scarce. The purpose of this study was to detect TOHO enzymes in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in order to know the prevalence of infections related to bacterial resistance due to TOHO enzymes at Saint Camille Hospital of Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso).Materials and methods: The study was conducted firstly by microbiological identification of ESBL-producing by Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae using API 20 E gallery; secondly the antibiogram was performed by the diffusion method and finally the molecular characterization was made by conventional PCR to search for the blaTOHO gene. The visualization of the specific bands was made using the ultraviolet lamp (Gene Flash) for the photography of the gels. Data were entered and analyzed using Excel 2013 and EPI Info version 6.0 software. A p-value < 0.05 was considered as significant.Results: We obtained at all 39 strains constituted by 21 (53.8%) Escherichia coli and 18 (46.2%) Klebsiella pneumoniae. Molecular characterization showed the presence of the blaTOHO gene in 25 bacterial strains (64.1 %). Conclusion: It was therefore established in this study the existence of blaTOHO gene at Saint Camille Hospital in Ouagadougou in Burkina Faso. Our study made it possible to know the distribution of the blaTOHO gene in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) appeared some years after the introduction in hospital environment of unhydrolysable or extended-spectrum cephalosporins. Several studies have been reported on the blaTEM, blaCTX-M and blaSHV genes in ESBL producing Enterobacteria, however, very few studies reported in the literature were related to blaCTX-M subgroup blaTOHO. TOHO enzymes were responsible for healthcare-associated infections in hospitals and in the community. In Burkina Faso, data related to these types of enzymes were scarce.