Aims and objectives: The aim of review was to describe and synthesise the evidence on the use of tourniquets to control haemorrhages, summarising both civilian and military use.Background: Trauma-related haemorrhage constitute one of the most preventable deaths among injured patients, particularly in multi-casualty incidents and disasters. In this context, safe instruments such as tourniquets are essential to help healthcare professionals to minimise loss of life and maximise patient recovery. Design and Methods: An integrative review was conducted in Medline, Nursing & Allied Health Premium, and Health & Medical Collection, using published data until March 2021 and following the PRISMA guidelines. Results: A total of 25 articles were included. Evidence has been synthesised to understand the use of different types of tourniquets, environment of application, indication for their placement and potential complications associated with tourniquet placement. Conclusions: Commercial tourniquets such as Combat Application Tourniquet orEmergency Tourniquet models are a valuable and safe instrument for haemorrhage control in both military and civilian out-of-hospital care settings. Nurses, as part of emergency teams, and other professionals should be aware that there is a possibility of adverse complications, but they are directly proportional to the time of tourniquet placement and generally temporary. In addition, national and international guidelines ensure the need for all civilian emergency services to be equipped with these devices, as well as for the training of healthcare professionals and first responders in their use.Relevance to clinical practice: Despite the lack of complications in the use of tourniquets in these cases, their use has been a matter of debate for decades. In this sense, this review 2 yields up-to-date guidelines in the use of tourniquets, their recommendations and their significance among professionals to manage complicated situations.

This work shows the description of biodiesel production, characterization and tests of performance on a diesel engine, using conventional vegetable oil and residual vegetable oil to generate it. The process to obtain the biodiesel by transesterification is described and three characteristics of both types of biodiesel were determined: pH, density, viscosity and electrolytic conductivity. Then, biodiesel is characterized electromechanically, through the performance of the biodiesel in a diesel engine, whose characteristics are acquired from a test bench where its efficiency in power, torque and energy consumption is determined. Finally, the comparison of the two types of biodiesel is made in order to define the biodiesel with the best characteristics.