Background and Objectives: To study the Depression and Anxiety in diagnosed esophageal reflux disease cases and to compare it with the age and sex matched controls Methods: Study conducted in the gastro-enterology unit of Sri Aurobindo Medical College and PostGraduate Institute, Indore. After taking an informed consent in their local language (Hindi), we recruited 100 patients with symptoms and endoscopic evidence of GERD along with 100 age and sex matched controls. Patients diagnosed to have GERD on the basis of either frequent complaints of heartburn and/or acid regurgitation for the last 3 months and the presence of endoscopic evidence of GERD. Following instruments were administered: A semi-structured socio-demographic pro-forma, Mini International Neuropsychiatric interview, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5. Results: The present study revealed that significantly higher number of GERD patients suffered from depression (46%) and anxiety (31%) as compared to their matched controls. Also, both HAM-D and HAM-A scores showed higher numbers of GERD patients to be having 'severe' or 'very severe' forms of psychological morbidity than the controls. Patients with GERD used tobacco, in smoking or chewing form, in significantly higher numbers than the controls, while alcohol users were underrepresented in both groups. Conclusion: In summary, among the 100 GERD cases 56 were found to have psychiatric morbidity in form of either anxiety or depression.

Colorectal cancer is more prevalent in females than males. There are many anticancer drugs accessible for use, but their therapeutic importance is constrained by factors including poor solubility, low absorption, and multi-drug resistance. This review highlights how PLGA may be used to develop polymeric-targeted drug delivery systems that specifically target colorectal cancer. The PLGA polymer, which is disseminated in the colon together with drugs in a regulated and targeted manner, has the distinct characteristics of smart degradation in a biological system. Its degradability is dependent on multiple glycolide units; therefore, a lower glycol concentration improves degradability and vice versa. Also, PLGA facilitates drug delivery in colorectal cancer, enhances the efficacy of the drug, improves the sustained release profile of a drug, improves bioavailability due to prolonged retention time in the colon, enhances solubility, etc. To develop the formulation for improving the cytotoxic impact of various anticancer drugs, the surface modification of PLGA can be carried out by introducing a copolymer. By emphasizing their crucial characterization to demonstrate their therapeutic potential, this literature work has also shed light on recent patents and advancements in PLGA application.

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