Background: Labor pain is considered as one of the most intense forms of pain. Psychological challenge such as anxiety can contribute towards women's perception of pain and may affect their labor and birth experience. Aromatherapy is one of modern many non-invasive methods and is the most popular complementary therapy to relieve pain during childbirth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two different nursing techniques on labor pain, duration, and anxiety level among primiparous women. A Quasi-experimental design was utilized to achieve the aim of the study, conducted at labor and delivery unit at Shaqra Governate general hospital, KSA. Sample: A total of 150 laboring women were recruited (75 for each group). Tools: four tools were used; 1) A structured interviewing questionnaire schedule, 2) Subjective labor pain scale (visual-analogue scale [VAS]), 3)-Partograph and 4)-Spielberger state-trait anxiety questionnaire. Results: There were statistically significant differences between the two groups in labor pain scores at active phase after the intervention at (p<0.001), and in transitional phase after the intervention at (p = 0.06). There was significant difference toward total labor duration among studied sample. Nearly half (49.3%) of the lavender group were satisfied and referenced it for future pregnancies. Conclusion: Two different nursing techniques were effective methods for reducing pain intensity, duration of labor and anxiety level. It can be clinically recommended as an alternative, safe and affordable method of pain relief during labor. However, lavender aromatherapy is more effective in decreasing pain during labor, and anxiety than breathing technique. Recommendations Educational program facilities and methods about non-pharmacological methods as; lectures, handout, and videos should be developed and become accessible to all pregnant women in the outpatient clinics.

Background: Coverage and quality of postnatal care for women and newborns tend to be relatively poor especially with COVID-19 outbreaks and length of stay in the health facility has shortened resulting in limited knowledge and skills of the postnatal homecare as well as family planning seeking care. With the development of communication technology, the maternity nurse becomes able to provide postpartum health teaching for enriching women with information to be able to deal with postpartum minor health alignments and timely family planning seeking care, also minimize the risk of infection caused by face-to-face follow up. Aim: The current study aimed to assess the impact of mobile communication on post-partum minor health alignments’ recovery and family planning seeking care among primiparous. Design: A quasi- experimental (Intervention /Control)) research design was used. Setting: This study was carried out in Obstetric and Gynecological Inpatient Wards and Labor and childbirth unit at Beni-Suef University Hospitals, Study subjects: A non-probability purposive sample of 119 primiparous mothers who were fulfilling the criteria. Tools: A structured interviewing questionnaire to conceal the data related to socio- demographic characteristics and mother’s knowledge about postpartum minor health alignments and family planning seeking care, follow up card and satisfaction Likert scale.

Background: Nowadays, the collection of stem cells from the blood of the umbilical cord is one of the most important topics of health sciences and new technology. However, cord blood is now considered a rich source of adult stem cells that can be used to treat many conditions and diseases. It is still a controversial topic. The current study aims to assess pregnant women's knowledge and attitude toward umbilical cord banking and stem cell. Research design: Descriptive exploratory research design was adopted to achieve the aim of the study. Setting: The study was conducted at the obstetrics &gynecology outpatient clinic at Beni-Suef University hospital in Egypt. Subjects: A convenient sample of 200 pregnant women was recruited. Tools of data collection: three tools were used for this study (1) Maternal structured interviewing questionnaire and (2) knowledge assessment questionnaire and (3) attitude assessment questionnaire. Results: It was found that 42.5% had an average level of knowledge regarding cord blood banking and stem cell with the negative attitude (67%) with no statistically significant difference (p >0.05). Besides, the sources of information were social media followed by nurses/ midwives. Conclusion: The present study concluded that despite nearly half of the pregnant women had average level knowledge but the majority of them had a negative attitude toward umbilical cord blood banking and stem cell. Recommendations: adequately planned in-service training programs related to cord blood collection and stem cells established to distribute among the pregnant women who attending the antenatal clinics.

Background: Cesarean section is accompanied by persistent postoperative pain and anxiety. Aim: To determine the effect of online education on reducing post-caesarian section 'pain and anxiety among pregnant women. Design: A quasi-experimental design was used to accomplish this study (pre/post-test). Setting: The study was conducted at the antenatal outpatient clinic in Mansoura University Hospital. Subject: A purposive sampling technique was used to select a sample of 100 pregnant women who were enrolled in the previously selected setting. Tools: Three tools were used (I) an Online-administered questionnaire, which covered two parts personal data and current obstetric history, (II) A numerical pain rating scale, and (III) a State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Results: The current study found that pregnant women who received online education experienced lower mean pain scores post-online education than those pre-online education (P= 0.05). This difference was highly statistically significant. Additionally, the study found that anxiety levels among expectant women were significantly different post-online education compared to pre-online education (P= 0.001). Pre and post-education, there was a significant positive relationship between the pregnant women's state anxiety levels and pain intensity. Conclusion: Online education on has a positive effect on reducing post-caesarian section 'pain and anxiety among pregnant women. Recommendations: Providing online education for pregnant women is recommended to improve their knowledge and reported practices which are reflected in pain and anxiety levels reduction.

Pregnant women at an advanced age 35 year or more are exposed to an increased risk of excessive or insufficient Gestational Weight Gain (GWG), which may exacerbate pregnancy outcomes, which represent a double burden of risk along with the risk of pregnancy at an advanced age, which leads to maternal, fetal, and neonatal risks. Many advanced age gravidas have poor knowledge, self-care practices as well as poor perception about gestational weight gain, their consequences and management strategies. Educational interventions seem to be the most appropriate and beneficial choice for these women to prevent being overweight or underweight during pregnancy. Aim: the aim of the current study was to assess effect of an educational session on improving pregnant women's knowledge, self-care practices and perception regarding GWG among advanced age pregnant women. Methods: A quasi experimental design was used to conduct the study. Sample: A total of 75 advanced age pregnant who attended maternal and child health center at (Badr City) were recruited. Data was collected by a structured self-administered questionnaire, gestational weight gain knowledge and self-care practices questionnaire (pre/posttest) and women perception scale. Result: There were a significant improvement in the total knowledge, self-care practices and perception score after educational session (P = 0.000) as (62.7%) of the participants had poor knowledge pretest compared to (81.3%) had good knowledge posttest. Also, there was significant differences in total self practice score before and after the session (p=0.000). More than two third (70.7%) had poor self-care practices pretest compared to (78.7%) had good self-care practices posttest. In addition to there was significant differences in total perception score before and after the session (p<0.001). About (74.7%) had negative perception pre teaching session compared to (90.7%) had positive perception post intervention Conclusion: The educational session has an impact on improving advanced age pregnant women's knowledge, selfcare practices and perception about proper weight gain during pregnancy. And the inclusion of programs to control GWG in antenatal care is very important, especially with advanced age pregnancy. Recommendation: Counseling on maternal diet and exercise programs should be included in antenatal care guidelines especially with advanced age pregnancy