The green chemicals based on bio-surface-active ionic liquids attracted great attention in the petroleum industry as a result of their high efficiency as multipurpose additives for the petroleum crude oils and their products. In the present work, the chemical structure of cardanol produced from cashew nut shell oil was modified and etherified with epichlorohydrine, tetraethylene glycol, and ethanolamine to produce branched non-ionic surfactants. The amine groups of the cardanoxy ethoxy branches were quaternized and polymerized using 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid to produce dendritic protic ionic liquid. The chemical structure, surface activity, ζ potential, and aggregation characteristics of the new modified dendritic nonionic cardanoxy polyphenol and its poly(ionic liquid) in aqueous solution were analyzed and identified. Their applications as asphaltene dispersants and demulsifiers for the heavy petroleum crude oil emulsions were investigated to confirm their promising performances.

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Magnetite cryogel composites as macroporous crosslinked matrices have received wide attention and attract much interest in the water purification and desalination industry. They can be used to produce effective adsorbents with high adsorption rate, capacity and desorption for water pollutants. In this work, the incorporation of magnetite nanoparticles into cryogels by the in situ method is proposed to increase the dispersion of nanoparticles in the gel composites and to produce effective magnetic materials with high adsorption capacities. Ionic sodium‐2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropane sulfonate (Na‐AMPS) monomer was selected to prepare cryogels as the homopolymer or copolymers with 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) or N‐vinyl pyrrolidone (VP) by the crosslinking polymerization technique in the frozen state. Magnetite nanoparticles were introduced into the cryogel by the in situ co‐precipitation method after introducing iron cations into the cryogel networks. The surface morphologies, crystal structure, magnetite content, thermal stability and magnetic properties were determined for the cryogels and their magnetite composites. The magnetite cryogel composites show significantly enhanced methylene blue dye removal in short times with higher adsorption efficiencies and good regeneration to form an effective adsorbent for water treatment. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry

I N this article, we focused on using low-cost bio-adsorbents such as chitosan from shrimp & crabs shells waste, and amorphous carbon thin film ACTF from microcrystalline cellulose waste, to prepare a new composite (ACTF/C) for removal of methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solution. ACTF/C composite was prepared via a novel ultrasonic co-precipitation method instead of traditional chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. The morphological and structural descriptions are performed using XRD, FTIR, TEM, TGA, SAED and SEM analysis. The analysis results showed that the ACTF/C composite was prepared successfully. The effects of several parameters such as adsorbent doses (0.05-0.2 g/100 ml), temperatures (25-45 o C), initial solution pH of solution (3-9) , dye concentrations (10,25, 50, and 100 ppm) and contact time (20-80 min) on the adsorption process were examined. The kinetics, thermodynamic analyses, and adsorption isotherm models were examined to estimates the empirical results. The empirical facts are properly equipped with the Langmuir isotherm (R 2 = 0.997), giving an absorption capacity of more than 85mg/g. From kinetic details, we found that adsorption of methylene blue day across ACTF/C composite is represented by the pseudo-secondorder model. In general, these outcomes suggest that the new ACTF/C composite provides great potential to get rid of methylene blue dye from contaminated water.