The effect of nitrogen fertilization levels on seed cotton yield responses of cultivars from Andalusia was studied during two consecutive years. To obtain preliminary information for improving nutrient management, the analysis of nitrate and potassium (K) was performed in petiole extracts at critical times (flowering, boll-setting, boll growth) during the growth cycle. Signif icant differences among cotton cultivars were found for petiole nitrate and K concentrations. The highest petiole nitrate and K concentrations were found in cultivar 'Crema 111' with 4,140 and 14,180 mg kg -1 respectively. These concentrations were affected by N treatment and sampling date. The relationships among petiole nutrient concentrations and seed cotton yield depended on sampling date, cultivar and year. The highest association between petiole nitrate and yield was found early in the season in 2003 (r = 0.918 and r = 0.965 for 'Crema 111' and 'Sor Angela' respectively). The analysis of petiole extracts for controlling plant nutritional status and optimize seed cotton yield requires a systematic assessment as critical values in nutrient concentration for seed cotton yield may differ depending on cultivar, soil type, sampling date and crop management. The technique of petiole analysis used in this paper might be useful for detecting genotypes with improved nutrient uptake or use efficiency.Additional key words: Gossypium hirsutum, mineral nutrition, yield. ResumenEfecto de la fertilización nitrogenada, fecha de muestreo y cultivar en la concentración peciolar de nitrato y potasio en el algodón Se ha estudiado el efecto de la respuesta de distintos niveles de fertilización nitrogenada sobre el rendimiento de algodón bruto en cultivares andaluces durante dos años consecutivos. Con el objeto de obtener información para mejorar el manejo nutricional del cultivo, se realizaron análisis de nitrato y potasio (K) en peciolos en períodos críti-cos del cultivo (floración, fructificación y desarrollo de cápsulas). Los cultivares presentaron diferencias en la concentración de nitrato y K en peciolo, alcanzándose las mayores concentraciones en 'Crema 111' (4.140 and 14.180 mg kg -1 para nitrato y K respectivamente). Los tratamientos fertilizantes y la fecha de muestreo afectaron a las concentraciones de nitrato y K en los peciolos. Las relaciones entre las concentraciones de nutrientes en el peciolo y el rendimiento de algodón bruto dependieron de la fecha de muestreo, del cultivar y del año. La relación más estrecha entre producción y concentración de nitrato se observó en 2003 y el muestreo temprano (r = 0.918 y r = 0.965 para 'Crema 111' y 'Sor Angela' respectivamente). El uso del análisis del peciolo para controlar el estado nutricional de la planta y optimizar los rendimientos requiere una evaluación sistemática para estimar valores críticos de concentración de nutrientes, ya que estos difieren dependiendo del cultivar, tipo de suelo, fecha de toma de muestra y prácticas culturales. La técnica del análisis peciolar parece útil también...
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