IntroductionCervical cancer is the third most common cancer among women worldwide, with about 500,000 new patients diagnosed and over 250,000 deaths every year. Cervical cancer screening offers protective benefits and is associated with a reduction in the incidence of invasive cervical cancer and cervical cancer mortality. But there is very low participation rate in screening for cervical cancer among low and middle-income countries.ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine cervical cancer screening service uptake and its associated factor among age eligible women in Mekelle zone, northern Ethiopia, 2015.MethodsA community based cross-sectional study was conducted in Mekelle zone among age eligible women from February to June 2015. Systematic sampling technique was used to select 1286 women in to the study. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to collect relevant data. Data was entered and cleaned using EPINFO and analyzed using SPSS version 20 software package. Bivariate and Multivariate logistic regression was performed to assess association between dependent and independent variables with 95% CI and p-value less than 0.05 was set for association.ResultsThe study revealed that among 1186 age eligible women, only 235(19.8%) have been screened for cervical cancer. Age (AOR = 1.799, 95%CI = 1.182–2.739), history of multiple sexual partners (AOR = 1.635, 95%CI = 1.094–2.443), history of sexually transmitted disease (AOR = 1.635,95%CI = 1.094–2.443), HIV sero status (AOR = 5.614, 95%CI = 2.595–12.144), perceived susceptibility to cervical cancer (AOR = 2.225, 95%CI = 1.308–3.783), perceived barriers to premalignant cervical lesions screening (AOR = 2.256, 95%CI = 1.447–3.517) and knowledge on cervical cancer and screening (AOR = 2.355, 95%CI = 1.155–4.802) were significant predictors of cervical cancer screening service uptake.ConclusionMagnitude of cervical cancer screening service uptake among age eligible women is still unacceptably low. Age of the women, history of multiple sexual partners and sexually transmitted disease, HIV sero-positivity, Knowledge, Perceived susceptibility and Perceived Barrier were important predictors of cervical cancer screening service uptake.

Background. Although the vast majority of abortions are performed in the first trimester, still 10–15% of terminations of pregnancies have taken place in the second trimester period globally. As compared to first trimester, second trimester abortions are disproportionately contribute for maternal morbidity and mortality especially in low-resource countries where access to safe second trimester abortion is limited. The main aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of induced second trimester abortion in Amhara region referral hospitals, northwest Ethiopia. Methods. Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted in Amhara region referral hospitals among 416 women who sought abortion services. Participants were selected using systematic sampling technique. Data were collected using pretested structured questionnaire through interviewing. After the data were entered and analyzed; variables which have P value < 0.2 in bivariate analysis, not colinear, were entered into multiple logistic regressions to see the net effect with 95% CI and P value < 0.05. Results. The prevalence of induced second trimester abortion was 19.2%. Being rural (AOR = 1.86 [95% CI = 1.11–3.14]), having irregular menstrual cycle (AOR = 1.76 [95% CI = 1.03–2.98]), not recognizing their pregnancy at early time (AOR = 2.05 [95% CI = 1.21–3.48]), and having logistics related problems (AOR = 2.37 [95% CI = 1.02–5.53]) were found to have statistically significant association with induced second trimester abortion. Conclusion. Induced second trimester abortion is high despite the availability of first trimester abortion services. Therefore, increase accessibility and availability of safe second trimester abortion services below referral level, counseling and logistical support are helpful to minimize late abortions.

Background Diarrhea caused by Shigella species remains a major public health threat especially in the pediatric population. A regular surveillance system needs to be in place, in order to explore the burden, antimicrobial resistance patterns and associated risk factors for Shigella infections. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and associated risk factors of Shigella infections among diarrheic pediatric population attending at selected healthcare institutions in Gondar town. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Gondar town healthcare institutions from January to March 2018. A simple random sampling technique was used to enroll 272 study participants. Structured questionnaires were used to gather socio-demographic, environmental and associated risk factors data. Stool samples were collected from diarrheic pediatric patients and inoculated onto MacConkey media, salmonella-shigella agar, and xylose-lysine deoxy-cholate agar. Identification of the bacterial species was carried out by using biochemical tests. The disc-diffusion method was used to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates by standardizing the bacterial suspension with a 0.5 McFarland solution. A statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 20 statistical package and P -value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results From the total study participants, 29(10.7%) of the patients were culture positive for Shigella species. The habit of eating raw food and nutritional status of children were statistically significant with shigellosis ( p < 0.05). Shigella species were found highly resistant to amoxicillin and tetracycline but susceptible to nitrofurantoin and norfloxacin. Conclusion High prevalence of Shigella species were detected in this study. Through in-vitro drug susceptibility testing, norfloxacin and nitrofurantoin were found to be effective against the isolates, while high resistance rates were observed for tetracycline, and amoxicillin. The findings highlighted the need for regular drug resistance information for the best management of infections.

Background: Unsafe abortion is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality and morbidity worldwide accounting for 13% of maternal deaths globally.Objective: To assess quality and determinant factors of post-abortion care in governmental Hospitals of Tigray, Ethiopia. Method:Institution based Cross-sectional study was conducted from January to May 2013. Four hundred twenty post apportion care clients were interviewed and 60 clients were observed to obtain qualitative data. Data was collected using pre prepared structured checklist and analyzed using SPSS version 16.00. The association between dependent and in dependent variables was assessed and presented using descriptive statistics, and logistic regression.Results: Majority (46.9%) of the study subjects fall in to the age category of 14-19 years. The study depicted that only 40.6% of the clients were satisfied. Client satisfaction was significantly associated with educational and occupational status, laboratory prescription and toilet access. Only 48 % of study subjects were informed about the available family planning methods and supplied with. The observational study revealed that 88.3% of the clients did not get the opportunity to pose questions or concerns. Only one of the health institutions has functional sink with adequate water supply in the abortion room. No more than 22.2 % of the care providers got refresher training on relevant areas. Conclusion:This study has identified main concerns that could have great input on the improvement of post abortion care. Hence, we can conclude that patient satisfaction is low and there is lack of refreshments trainings especially on counseling and supporting. Besides, there are shortage of materials and supplies. This all could have synergetic effect on compromising the quality of post abortion care. For this reason, it is recommended to skill up the providers with evidence based trainings to enhance quality of post abortion care.

Background: HIV infected children who started highly active antiretroviral therapy in antiretroviral therapy clinics have survived to older age, and disclosure has become an essential part of their care. Hence, this study tried to (a) estimate the prevalence of HIV disclosure among school-aged children in Bahir Dar, North West Ethiopia, and (b) assess caregivers' barriers to disclose their children's HIV positive status receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy in pediatric antiretroviral therapy clinics. Methods: Institution based cross sectional study were conducted among 231 caregivers of pediatric antiretroviral therapy children on highly active antiretroviral therapy aged 6-14 years in four centres in Bahir Dar, North West Ethiopia. Caregivers were obtained proportionally and interviewed consecutively with convenience to respond for the structured pre-tested questionnaire. Data were entered into Epi Info version 3.5 and analyzed by using SPSS version 20 software for windows. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were done. Results: The prevalence of disclosure of children's HIV positive status on highly active antiretroviral therapy was 31.5%. Religion of caregivers (AOR = 4.27 [95% CI = 1.24, 14.73]), family number (AOR = 3.73 [95% CI = 1.11, 12.48]), age of child (AOR = 9.87 [95% CI = 3.47, 28.07]), child age when ART started (AOR = 6.15 [95% CI = 1.76, 21.50]), and children time on ART (AOR = 5.40 [95% CI = 1.87, 15.55]) were found to have statistically significant association with disclosure of HIV positive status to HIV infected children. Conclusion: Addressing and scaling up efforts on stigma and discrimination in neighbourhood, communities, and school settings; and developing guideline for disclosure of children with HIV/AIDS in Ethiopian context will increase the rate of disclosure of children's HIV positive status on highly active antiretroviral therapy. J o ur nal o f A ID S & Cli n ic a l R es earc h