Article Information The purpose of this study was to identify those factors associated with late initiation of antenatal care among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in public health centers in Kembata Tembaro Zone, Ethiopia. A facility based cross-sectional study with supplement of qualitative data was carried out to collect data from 401 pregnant women who were attending antenatal care service at five randomly selected governmental health centres in Kembata Tembaro Zone from March 10 to May 8, 2012. Pretested and structured questionnaire was used to collect the data and data were entered onto a computer using Epi-info 3.5.1 statistical program then exported to SPSS Windows version 16.0 for further analysis. Binary descriptive statistics and multiple variable regressions were done.This study showed that prevalence of late entry to antenatal care was 68.6%. The mean timing was 5.5±1.8 months. Multivariate analysis revealed that age, maternal education, family income, parity, previous utilization of antenatal care and type of pregnancy remained significant factors influencing late booking. The findings of this study showed that most women book antenatal care late. This seems to be because antenatal care is viewed primarily as curative rather than preventive in the study population. Public enlightenment, health education coupled with women empowerment would be helpful in reducing the problem. In addition to that incorporation of the benefits of early booking in the routine antenatal care education.

Background: Globally, every minute, at least one woman dies from complications related to pregnancy or childbirth. The situation is more serious for women in Sub-Saharan Africa which also include Ethiopia. Birth preparedness is a strategy to promote the timely use of skilled maternal and neonatal care, especially during childbirth. Based on the theory, preparing for childbirth reduces delays in obtaining this care. In adequate preparation for rapid action in the event of obstetric complications are well documented factors contributing to delay in receiving skilled obstetric care. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess the knowledge of birth preparedness and complication readiness and its associated factors among primigravida in Addis Ababa Governmental Health Facilities. Methods: A quantitative facility based cross-sectional study design and client exit interview questionnaire were used. Simple random and census sampling was used to select the health care facilities and study participants, accordingly. The data were entered using Epidata version3.1 and analysed by window statistical package for social science version 20 software. Logistic regression model was used to assess the knowledge by predictor's variables. Result: From 442 respondents the response rate was 422 (95.5%). Based on finding, the respondents were knowledgeable on danger signs in pregnancy, labour, postnatal and new born neonate 113(26.8%), 47(11.1%), 60(14.2%) and 46(10.9%), respectively. According to birth preparedness, 64 (15.2%) of primigravida women were knowledgeable. In this study, factors associated with knowledge of birth preparedness and complication readiness were found to be being married [AOR = 0.110, 95%CI (0.026, 0.461);], house hold monthly income of 1000-3000 [AOR = 3.362(1.203,9.393);], knowledgeable for key danger signs of labour with [AOR = 3.685, 95%CI (1.157, 11.737);] and knowledgeable for key danger signs of post-partum period with [AOR =5.117, 95%CI (1.388, 18.863);]. Conclusion: The knowledge of primigravida women for birth preparedness and its complication readiness was low. Information given about danger sign and birth preparedness during ANC follow up was not comprehensive. Therefore, family health care providers, health facility, other partners, program level managers and policy makers take their responsibility and work together to improve the health education service and increase knowledge on birth preparedness and complication readiness through easily accessible health education strategies.

Background: HIV infected children who started highly active antiretroviral therapy in antiretroviral therapy clinics have survived to older age, and disclosure has become an essential part of their care. Hence, this study tried to (a) estimate the prevalence of HIV disclosure among school-aged children in Bahir Dar, North West Ethiopia, and (b) assess caregivers' barriers to disclose their children's HIV positive status receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy in pediatric antiretroviral therapy clinics. Methods: Institution based cross sectional study were conducted among 231 caregivers of pediatric antiretroviral therapy children on highly active antiretroviral therapy aged 6-14 years in four centres in Bahir Dar, North West Ethiopia. Caregivers were obtained proportionally and interviewed consecutively with convenience to respond for the structured pre-tested questionnaire. Data were entered into Epi Info version 3.5 and analyzed by using SPSS version 20 software for windows. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were done. Results: The prevalence of disclosure of children's HIV positive status on highly active antiretroviral therapy was 31.5%. Religion of caregivers (AOR = 4.27 [95% CI = 1.24, 14.73]), family number (AOR = 3.73 [95% CI = 1.11, 12.48]), age of child (AOR = 9.87 [95% CI = 3.47, 28.07]), child age when ART started (AOR = 6.15 [95% CI = 1.76, 21.50]), and children time on ART (AOR = 5.40 [95% CI = 1.87, 15.55]) were found to have statistically significant association with disclosure of HIV positive status to HIV infected children. Conclusion: Addressing and scaling up efforts on stigma and discrimination in neighbourhood, communities, and school settings; and developing guideline for disclosure of children with HIV/AIDS in Ethiopian context will increase the rate of disclosure of children's HIV positive status on highly active antiretroviral therapy. J o ur nal o f A ID S & Cli n ic a l R es earc h

Background: Violence against girls takes many forms including rape, sexual harassment, intimidation, teasing and threats. It affects all girls, regardless of age, race, class, caste or location. Poverty, war and long journeys to school put girls at additional risk. The causes are rooted in male-dominated cultures which belittle or condone violence against girls and women. Therefore; this study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of sexual violence against women among high school students in Dilla town.