ABSTRAKPemahaman yang tepat terhadap potensi, permasalahan, dan kebutuhan peternak tentang teknologi pakan dapat meningkatkan adopsi teknologi oleh peternak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui potensi, permasalahan, dan kebutuhan peternak skala kecil akan teknologi pakan menurut preferensi suami dan istri. Metode yang digunakan adalah dengan memodifikasi metode participatory rural appraisal (PRA), seperti participatory mapping untuk mengetahui potensi, dan preference rangking untuk mengetahui prioritas masalah dan kebutuhan. Penerapan PRA sebanyak 4 kali selama bulan April-September 2009 di Kabupaten Enrekang yang dibagi menjadi wilayah sentra dan nonsentra. Preferensi petani terhadap potensi dan masalah tidak berbeda antara suami dan istri, hanya kebutuhan teknologi yang berbeda. Potensi sumber hijauan utamanya rumput di daerah sentra lebih beragam dibanding daerah nonsentra, namun potensi sumber konsentrat lebih banyak di daerah nonsentra. Kurangnya pengetahuan formulasi pakan dan konsentrat untuk sapi perah, tidak diketahuinya manfaat bahan pakan, serta rendahnya kualitas pakan di musim kemarau adalah masalah utama peternak di daerah sentra. Masalah utama peternak di daerah nonsentra adalah tidak diketahuinya pengawetan pakan, kurangnya tenaga kerja, dan pakan yang tidak mencukupi sepanjang tahun. Kebutuhan teknologi di daerah sentra adalah peningkatan pengetahuan formulasi bahan pakan lokal untuk produksi konsentrat dan complete feed adalah prioritas utama. Daerah nonsentra lebih memprioritaskan pengawetan limbah dan bahan pakan menjadi complete feed pada musim hujan/panen.

Abstract:The aim of this study was to evaluate forage quality and absorption of heavy metals in grasses of grazing lands in mine revegetation area. Grazing land was dominated by Brachiaria decumbens (BD), which occupied about 87% in the pasture' syielding ability of 14.8 Mg DM/ha/year, followed by Centrocema pubescens (CP), Calopogonium mucunoides (CM) and Imperata cylindrica (IC) at 6, 4 and 3%, respectively. Both of in vitro dry matter digestibility and organic matter digestibility were the highest in BD and CM, followed by CP and the lowest in IC. Structural carbohydrates of cellulose and hemicelluloses were the highest in BD, contrary to Acid Detergent Lignin (ADL) concentration, which was the highest in IC and the lowest in BD, while CP and CM showed the middle in ADL and cellulose concentrations among the four forage species. Heavy metals of nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr) and lead (Pb) were detected in the order of Ni > Cr > Pb in the grasses examined and harvested on mine-revegetation area in Sorowako, Indonesia.

In the pattern of livestock keeping systems, livestock can have free access path to natural resources such as forests, scrubs, water, natural shading, wastes, and residues. How they use and do interact with land use systems particularly the pigs, become the focus of this assessment. the study areas will cover four districts, i.e. Warmare, Prafi, Masni and Sidey. The total areas of study therefore is 1,022.67 km2 (102,266.54 ha). Data collected from BPS board of Manokwari, Papua Barat. Data were analyzed using Statistical descriptive and shown in tables. Pictures were drawn using Arc GIS and Microsoft Visio. There are 11 types of land use systems which have roles in ecosystem and livestock-human interaction. Land use was dominated by tropical forest and followed by oil palm plantation, communal land, transmigrate areas and arable land. Beef cattle present dominantly the land use systems in agro-complex of Prafi, followed by pigs and goat. Further study is needed to prove the effect of interaction on sustainability indicators, i.e. society, economic and environment.

People Breeding Station is a Bali cattle breeding instalation that was established by the Livestock Services of Bone Regency to maintain perform preservation breeding stock of Bali cattle. The research aims to analyze the differences body weight and morphometric of Bali cattle at different age proups in the area of People Breeding Station (PBS) and Non People Breeding Station (NPBS). The total number of measurable Bali cattle was 204 heads each consisted of 96 male and 108 females from PBS and NPBS. Mean and standard deviation of body weight Bali male cattle at PBS was significantly higher (p<0.01) than body weight of cattle at NPBS of the same age groups. Mean and standar deviation Bali of body weight male cattle mature (2.6-3.0) years in PBS is 246.58 ± 34.54 kg and in NPBS 187.17±21.67 kg. Mean and standard deviation body weight of Bali female cattle in PBS significantly (p<0.01) higher than in NPBS for age 0.1-1.0 and 1.1-2.0 years group but body weight for 2.1-3.0 and 3.1-4.0 years groups in PBS non significantly (p>0.05) than in NPBS. Mean and standard deviation body weight of Bali female Cattle age 3.1-4.0 years in PBS is 216.46 ± 32.87 kg and in NPBS isw 198.85±5.32 kg. All of morphometrics data was found that such as body lenght (BL), shoulder height (SH) and chest circumference (CC) of Bali cattle increased with the age advancement. Morphometrics of Bali cattle for age less than 3 years in PBS significantly (p<0.01) higher than Bali cattle in NPBS. In conclusion, the body weight and morphometrics of Bali cattle at PBS was higher than those at NPBS.

Abstract:The problem facing dairy cow producers in tropical area is the low availability of proper nutrition, especially during the dry season. One solution to overcome this problem is to utilize technology of Complete Feed (CF) silage using ensiled several local abundant ingredients from agricultural wastes. This study aimed to find a formulation of CF silage from agricultural wastes as forage substitution for dairy cows to increase yield and quality of the milk. The study was conducted on dairy farms in Enrekang District, South Sulawesi of Indonesia. The formulations of CF silage used in the study were tested both in vitro and in vivo and compared with the farmer's practices that using elephant grass plus rice bran. A total of 20 Holstein Friesian dairy cows in 4-5 months lactation with a lactation period of 3rd-5th were used for in vivo study. The treatments were Elephant Grass + Rice Bran (EG-RB), Elephant Grass + Concentrate (EG-CON), Complete Feed Silage made from straws (CF-S) and complete feed silage made from straws and vegetable wastes (CF-VW). The results of this study showed that the dry matter intake and milk yield of dairy cow were higher in EG-CON, CF-S and CF-VW compared to EG-RB and were not different among EG-CON, CF-S and CF-VW. The crude protein, lactose, calcium and phosphorus of the milk were higher in the EG-CON, CF-S and CF-VW than EG-RB and were not different among EG-CON, CF-S and CF-VW. Fat content, density and pH of the milk were not different among treatments. In conclusion, in order to maintain and to improve the yield and quality of milk in dairy cows, the agriculture wastes, such as straws and vegetable wastes can be used as the basal feed of dairy cows for fodder substitution in the form of CF silage.