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Nanoparticles are one of the most important technologies of today and the future. This groundbreaking technology is considered a very significant domain among all the fields of science due to its tangible capacity in improving products, treating diseases, serving mankind in all spheres of life, and realizing future scientific revolutions in the fields of physics, chemistry, biology, engineering, and other sciences.  Therefore, it is truly necessary to take advantage of the distinct properties of nanomaterials. Hence, synthesized nanoparticles have been shown to be enjoying anti-proliferating antioxidant, anti-migration, antioagulant and anti-cancer antipathogenic characteristics in the laboratory.  Accordingly, this study came to prominence in this field. The biochemical equipment used in nanoparticle bacterial biosynthesis was subsequently proven. Many of these biochemical types of equipment have been used as part of a cellular detoxification resistance mechanism that involves altering inorganic ions solubility by reducing and/or precipitating soluble toxic to insoluble non-toxic nanostructures. Microorganisms, such as bacteria, are used as an environmentally responsible strategy, and an alternative in the method of chemical agents when nanoparticles are synthesized. Extracellular as well as intracellular biocatalytic (including possible excretion) synthesis involves mainly oxidreductase enzymes like NADH dependent reductase nitrate NADPH, NADPH sulphite reductase alfa (NADPH dependent on sulfite reductase) and cells.

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It was investigated how titanium dioxide nanoparticles affected the optical properties of polyvinyl alcohol. Polymer nanocomposites (PVA-TiO2) are created via stirring and casting. The results demonstrate that transmittance improves from 75% to 95% while titanium dioxide concentration enhances the absorbance of nanocomposites. Nanocomposite films made of PVA and TiO2 had reflectance values of 12 and 16 percent (weight percent=0.15 and 0.85%).The refractive index and coefficient of extinction rise with increasing density, and optical absorption and photon dispersion in the nanocomposite (PVA-TiO2) also rise as the concentration of titanium dioxide nanoparticles rises. Real dielectric (r) and imaginary dielectric I constants also rise as titanium dioxide nanoparticle concentration does. The results show that when the weight % of (TiO2) nanoparticles increased, the energy gap decreased from 3.32 to 2.23. Additionally, optical conductivity increased with the concentration of (TiO2) NPs. Nanocomposites of PVA and TiO2 are essential for optical applications.

Lead oxide (PbO) thin films were deposited on unheated glass substrates, using the vacuum thermal deposition with a rate of deposition 0.7 nm/ s, at 130nm thickness .The annealing temperature was varied from 523 to 723K for 2 hr. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was used to study the structural and crystallite size of PbO thin film. Before annealing effect, the XRD results indicated that the PbO film is in amorphous nature. After annealing, the corresponding diffraction patterns revealed that the films crystallize in polycrystalline mixed compounds of (PbO tet), and (PbO orth) with a preferred orientation along (020) plane. The average crystallite sizes estimated from XRD data was found to lie in the range of 15.11-36.80 nm. The surfaces morphology of these films was studied by the Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) studies. AFM confirmed that the PbO films have good homogeneous surface. The roughness average, and root mean square values increased with the increasing annealing temperatures. The higher optical transmittance value of PbO film annealed at 523K was found to lie in the range of 88-91% in VIS and IR regions respectively. The optical properties showed that the PbO thin films have allowed direct transitions and the values of energy gap decreased with increasing annealing temperature.