No abstract

The present study aimed to detect the presence of anti-Toxoplasma, anti-rubella, and anti-cytomegalovirus (CMV) antibodies in the sera of dumpsite workers of Erbil Governorate. Eighty nine male dumpsite (Kany Qrzhala, Erbil Governorate) workers were included in this study. Serum was obtained for the detection of anti-Toxoplasma, anti-rubella, and anti-CMV antibodies using an automated cobas e411 immunoassay analyzer. No anti-Toxoplasma IgM antibodies were detected in any of the workers’ sera, while (25.84%) showed a positive result for anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibodies. All workers’ sera had no anti-rubella IgM and IgG2 antibodies, while (62.92%) of them revealed the presence of IgG1 in their sera. Anti-CMV IgM was found in (2.25%) of the sera, while (13.50%) of the sera revealed the presence of anti-CMV IgG antibodies.

The study included 258 Syrian refugees of different ages and sex and another 60 volunteers as control group (C.G). These refugees were in Kawergosk camp in Erbil Governorate. Blood was collected from each individual for the estimation of white blood cell (WBC), eosinophil, iron, hemoglobin (Hb), and immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels. Mean serum levels of IgE among male and female refugees showed highly significant increasing when compared to C.G. Most of the refugees had normal iron levels, where iron concentrations were more than 65 mg/dl among 67 males and more than 50 mg/dl among 104 females and 48 children, while some had iron deficiency in which the majority were female (9 males, 24 females, and 6 children had iron deficiency). In addition, Hb concentrations were normal among 65 males (more than 13.0 g/dl), 89 females (more than 11.0 g/dl), and 48 children (more than 12.0 g/dl). However, anemia was found among 8 men, 42 women, and 6 children. It was revealed that there was a highly significant rising in eosinophils in male and female refugees in comparison to C.G. WBC count is non-significantly slightly increased in both male’s and female’s refugees when compared to C.G.

Sixty women who had abortion were selected for this study. Serum was collected from the women. ELISA test was used to detect antiToxoplasma specific antibodies. Those women were divided into three groups according to the presence or absence of specific anti-Toxoplasma antibodies. These groups included the women with IgG (18), the women with IgM (14) and the women with both IgG and IgM (12). The other 16 women had no antibodies against Toxoplasma. Twenty-four healthylooking women had been selected as controls. Serum was collected from those women and tested for anti-Toxoplasma antibodies. Those that revealed any antibody titer against Toxoplasma were excluded from the study. The activity of ADA was determined in the serum according to the method of Giusti. The mean concentration of ADA in the women who had anti-Toxoplasma IgM antibody was significantly higher (P<0.0001) than that of healthy controls and the women who had IgG, while there was no significant differences between women who had IgG antibody and healthy controls (P>0.05). Since a relationship exists between ADA activity and the cell mediated immune response, this result confirms the fact that Toxoplasma antigen induces T-lymphocytes proliferation.

Toxoplasma gondii has become increasingly recognized as an important pathogen of humans and domestic animals. It is one of the most common causes of latent infections in humans over the world. Venous blood was collected from the patients and controls, A total of sixty women with a history of abortion and twenty-four healthy-looking controls were included in this study. Forty-four women were found to have Toxoplasma infection, fourteen women with anti-Toxoplasma IgM antibody (acute infection), eighteen with anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibody (past or chronic infection), and twelve with both IgG and IgM antibodies (recurrent infection). CD3, CD4, CD8, and CD71 were used and the results showed a significant elevation of these markers in women with toxoplasmosis when compared to the healthy controls. Toxoplasmosis cause both acute and chronic infections leading to stimulate T lymphocytes that provide protection against multiple infections and prevent occurrence of complications.