WSNs that stand for wireless sensor networks and include many low-cost and low power-sensing tools, local processing, and the capacity of wireless communication face some problems in two aspects: the lifetime of the network and its energy. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to overcome these limitations through enhancing the LEACH (low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy) protocol, the protocol of cluster routing, in which, LEACH is extended by identifying a cluster head according to the lowest degree of distance from the base station in order to decrease power consumption in cluster head nodes and in the whole network. Hence, the results clarify the ability of LEACH in enhancing the network lifetime as well as in reducing and minimizing the consumption of power.

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Target localization and tracking problems in WSNs have received considerable attention recently, drivenby the requirement to achieve high localization accuracy, with the minimum cost possible. In WSN basedtracking applications, it is critical to know the current location of any sensor node with the minimumenergy consumed. This paper focuses on the energy consumption issue in terms of communicationbetween nodes whenever the localization informationis transmitted to a sink node. Tracking throughWSNs can be categorized into centralized and decentralized systems. Decentralized systems offer lowpower consumption when deployed to track a small number of mobile targets compared to the centralizedtracking systems. However, in several applications,it is essential to position a large number of mobiletargets. In such applications, decentralized systems offer high power consumption, since the locationofeach mobile target is required to be transmitted toa sink node, and this increases the power consumptionfor the whole WSN. In this paper, we propose a power efficient decentralized approach for tracking alarge number of mobile targets while offering reasonable localization accuracy through ZigBee networ

Wireless sensor networks typically consist of a large number of small low-cost electronic devices with limited capacities to collect information from a given range of interest. Thus, the lifetime of a network is affected, and energy consumption increases. This paper aims mainly to activate the node and reduce energy consumption in order to transmit or receive the information from the sensor nodes. The paper considers three variables, such as residual energy, distance from the sink node, node density to select as a cluster head based on a genetic algorithm.