Brazilian peach breeding programs have been established to improve peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] production, yield consistency, quality, and disease resistance. Every year several genotypes are selected and their traits must be assessed. This study aimed to evaluate adaptability and stability of fruit set and production of peach genotypes in a subtropical climate, using the GGE biplot methodology. The experimental design was completely randomized with three replicates (trees) in a factorial arrangement of 29 × 3 for genotype and growing season,

Jaboticaba (Plinia cauliflora) is a Brazilian native fruit which can be consumed in natura form, and also as processed food. The skin has a significant biological nutritional potential. The present study aimed to evaluate the bioactive compounds of the jaboticaba skin and of the jaboticaba skin flour (JSF), and its application in cookie. Physicochemical analyses to determine the bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity (TEAC and FRAP) of jaboticaba skin and JSF were performed. Skin presented high content of phenolic compounds, anthocyanins, flavonoids and condensed tannins, strengthening that this composition exhibited considerable levels of antioxidant activity. The JSF presented considerable carbohydrate contents, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity, besides being a source of fibers. The cookies were prepared by replacing 2.5%, 5.0% and 7.5% of the total amount of whole wheat flour in the recipe by JSF. The formulations presented positive increases of bioactive compounds, contributing with the potential of antioxidant activity. All formulations were well accepted in the sensory evaluation.Practical Application: Use of sub products of Jaboticaba (skin) for incorporation of nutrients into cookies.

RESUMOO objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do ácido salicílico (AS), aplicado em pós-colheita, sobre a conservação de acerolas e a indução de resistência dos frutos a podridões. As acerolas foram colhidas, selecionadas e submetidas à aplicação de quatro concentrações de AS (0,5; 1,0; 1,5 e 2,0 mM) e a testemunha (água destilada). Após 192 horas de armazenamento a 8±2 °C, avaliou-se a perda de massa da matéria fresca teor de sólidos solúveis totais, acidez titulável, ácido ascórbico e incidência de podridões dos frutos. Em intervalos de 24, 48, 96 e 192 horas determinou-se antocianinas, flavonoides e atividades das enzimas fenilalanina amônia-liase (FAL), quitinases e β-1,3-glucanase. O AS atuou na manutenção da qualidade pós-colheita de acerolas, mantendo o teor de acidez titulável mais elevado e a retenção dos sólidos solúveis totais, o que demonstra um atraso na maturação/ senescência dos frutos. Os teores de antocianinas e flavonóides, bem como a atividade da FAL, tiveram alterações no decorrer do experimento em função da aplicação de AS, demonstrando haver ativação da rota dos fenilpropanóides para síntese de metabólitos secundários. O ácido salicílico atuou sobre a ativação das enzimas quitinases, β-1,3-glucanase demonstrando haver indução de resistência nos frutos proporcionando controle de podridões pelo uso deste indutor.Palavras-chave: fenilalanina amônia-liase, Malpighia emarginata, fruticultura, quitinases, β-1,3-glucanase Salicylic acid operates in maintenance of post-harvest quality acerolas ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to evaluate the SA elicitor effect applied in the West Indian cherries postharvest in the conservation and rot resistance induction. The West Indian cherries were harvested, selected and submitted to application of four SA concentrations (0.5; 1.0 1.5 and 2.0 mM) and the control treatment (distiller water). After 192 hours storage in the 8 ±2°C, it was evaluated the weight loss, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid and fruits rots incidence. At intervals of 24, 48, 96 and 192 hours, it was evaluated the anthocyanin, flavonoids and, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chitinases and β-1, 3-glucanase enzymes activities. Salicylic acid acted to maintain the postharvest West Indian cherry quality, with the titratable acidity greater and retention of the total soluble solids, what it demonstrated to delay the fruit ripening/senescence. The anthocyanin and flavonoids contents, as well as, the PAL activity had changes during the experiment due to the SA application, what it demonstrated to activate of phenylpropanoid route for secondary metabolites synthesis. The salicylic acid acted in the chitinases and β-1,3-glucanase enzymes activation, which it demonstrated to induce fruit resistance for rot control by use of this inductor.

The damping off is the main disease that affects the beet crop during the seedling production. The aim of this study was to evaluate different salicylic acid (SA) concentrations for resistance induction against damping-off in beet seedling and its antifungal activity against Fusarium sp., in vitro condition. Treatment of beet seed was with SA solution by immersion during 5 minutes in the 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mM concentrations and control (distilled water). It was used four replications with 20 cells by experimental unit. The experiment was carried out for 14 days in cultivate chamber with temperature (23 o C ± 2°C), lighting (12 hours photoperiod) and humidity (70% ± 10%) controlled. After this time, the germination, damping off incidence, seedling length and fresh mass matter weight were evaluated. It was evaluated also in the seedling tissue the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), β-1.3 glucanase and chitinase level enzymes. In the in vitro the SA was putted in PDA (potato-dextrose-agar) medium, where the Fusarium sp. mycelial growth was evaluated. The SA applied for seeds treatment didn't had effect significant on damping off of beet seedlings, but it induced the activity of β-1.3 glucanase enzyme, it being this higher in nine times when compared the treatment control. The SA acted in the Fusarium sp. in vitro control with fungitoxic action, suppressed mycelial growth in 28% if compared to control. Key words: Beta vulgaris L, elicitor, induced resistance, protein-PR ResumoO tombamento de plântulas é a principal doença que afeta a cultura da beterraba no processo de produção de mudas. Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar diferentes concentrações de ácido salicílico (AS) na indução de resistência ao tombamento de plântulas de beterraba e a atividade antifúngica contra Fusarium sp., in vitro. O tratamento das sementes de beterraba foi realizado com imersão em solução de AS nas concentrações de 0,5; 1,0; 1,5 e 2,0 mM e a testemunha (água destilada sementes, incidência de tombamento, comprimento de plântula e massa da matéria fresca. Foi também avaliada nos tecidos das plântulas a atividade das enzimas fenilalanina amônia-liase (FAL), β-1,3-glucanase e quitinase. No experimento in vitro o AS foi incorporado ao meio BDA (batata-dextrose e ágar) e avaliado o crescimento micelial de Fusarium sp. A aplicação de AS em tratamento de sementes não atuou significativamente sobre o tombamento de plântulas de beterraba, mas induziu a atividade da enzima β-1,3-glucanase, sendo esta aumentada em nove vezes em relação à testemunha. O AS atuou no controle de Fusarium sp, in vitro com ação fungitóxica, com supressão do crescimento micelial em 28% se comparado à testemunha. Palavras-chave: Beta vulgaris L, eliciador, indutor de resistência, proteína-RP

No abstract