Metabolic syndrome is known as a frequent precursor of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). This disease could affect 8% of the people worldwide. Given that pancreatic β‐cell dysfunction and loss have central roles in the initiation and progression of the disease, the understanding of cellular and molecular pathways associated with pancreatic β‐cell dysfunction can provide more information about the underlying pathways involved in T2D. Multiple lines evidence indicated that oxidative stress, microRNA, and long noncoding RNA play significant roles in various steps of diseases. Oxidative stress is one of the important factors involved in T2D pathogenesis. This could affect the function and survival of the β cell via activation or inhibition of several processes and targets, such as receptor‐signal transduction, enzyme activity, gene expression, ion channel transport, and apoptosis. Besides oxidative stress, microRNAs and noncoding RNAs have emerged as epigenetic regulators that could affect pancreatic β‐cell dysfunction. These molecules exert their effects via targeting a variety of cellular and molecular pathways involved in T2D pathogenesis. Here, we summarized the molecular aspects of pancreatic β‐cell dysfunction. Moreover, we highlighted the roles of oxidative stress, microRNAs, and noncoding RNAs in pancreatic β‐cell dysfunction.

Dual-pump electrospinning of antibacterial N-decyl-N, N-dimethyl-1-decanaminiumchloride (DDAC)-loaded polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers, and chitosan (CS)/polyethylene-oxide (PEO)-based wound dressings with hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties to eliminate and absorb pathogenic bacteria from wound surface besides antibacterial action and to support wound healing and accelerate its process. Physicochemical properties of the prepared nanofibrous mat as well as antibacterial, cytotoxicity, and cell compatibility were studied. The full-thickness excisional wound healing properties up to 3 weeks using hematoxylin and eosin and Masson-trichrome staining were investigated. Addition of DDAC to CS/PEO-PCL mats decreased the diameter of the nanofibers, which is a crucial property for wound healing as large surface area per volume ratio of nanofibers, in addition to proper cell adhesion, increases loading of DDAC in mats and leads to increased cell viability and eliminating Gram-positive bacteria at in vitro studies. In vivo studies showed DDAC-loaded CS/PEO-PCL mats increased epithelialization and angiogenesis and decreased the inflammation according to histological results. We demonstrated that hydrophobic PCL/DDAC mats, besides antibacterial properties of DDAC, absorbed and eliminated the hydrophobic pathological microorganisms, whereas the hydrophilic nanofibers consisted of CS/PEO, increased the cell adhesion and proliferation due to positive charge of CS. Finally, we were able to increase the wound healing quality by using multifunctional wound dressing. CS/PEO-PCL containing 8 wt % of DDAC nanofibrous mats is promising as a wound dressing for wound management due to the favorable interactions between the pathogenic bacteria and PCL/CS-based wound dressing.

Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the pooled prevalence of vaccination willingness, unwillingness, and hesitancy among patients with multiple sclerosis. Methods Databases including PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched. by two expert researchers, as well as references in the included studies, which were published before October 2021. Results Three hundred eighty articles were found in four data bases. One hundred eighty-two studies remained following deleting duplicates. Finally, ten studies remained for the meta-analysis. Totally, 5983 patients with MS were assessed. The pooled prevalence of willingness to vaccination among patients with MS was 76% (95% CI: 67–85%) ( I 2 = 98.4%, p < 0.001). Unwillingness pooled prevalence to vaccination among patients with MS was 2% (95% CI: 2–3%) ( I 2 = 97.9%, p < 0.001) . Hesitancy pooled prevalence to vaccination among patients with MS was 0% ( I 2 = 98%, p < 0.001). Conclusion According to the findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis, more than two-thirds of patients with MS were willing to obtain COVID-19 vaccines.

Background:Renal stone disease is a common urologic disorder affecting a large number of patients around the world. Risk factors like anatomical abnormalities and genetic metabolic environmental and dietary parameters have important roles in urinary stone formation. One of its metabolic parameters is uric acid. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of uric acid in serum and 24-hour urine samples of patients with urolithiasis and compare them with healthy general population. Materials and Methods:This was a case-control study performed in the urology clinic of Noor hospital, affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, between February 2009 and July 2010. Patients diagnosed with urolithiasis were enrolled as the case group. Healthy subjects from the general population were recruited as the control group. The patients were referred to the laboratory for checking the serum and 24 hour urinary uric acid levels. Results: Forty five patients with renal stone and 90 healthy controls were enrolled. The level of serum uric acid was significantly higher among the patients (P = 0.003) and male patients had dramatically higher levels than females (P = 0.002); but, the urinary uric acid levels were not significantly different between the cases and the controls or the males and the females. Conclusions: Serum uric acid level may be useful in the screening of renal stones, especially in patients with a positive history of this disease.

Objective To estimate the pooled prevalence of sexual dysfunction (SD) in women with multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, and google scholar and also gray literature up to October 2021. The search strategy includes: (“Multiple Sclerosis” OR “MS” OR “Disseminated Sclerosis” OR (Disseminated AND Sclerosis) OR (Sclerosis AND Multiple)) AND (“Sexual Dysfunction” OR (Sexual AND Dysfunction) OR (Sexual AND Dysfunctions) OR (Sexual AND Disorders) OR (Sexual AND Disorder) OR “Sexual Dysfunctions” OR “Sexual Disorders” OR “Sexual Disorder” OR “Psychosexual Dysfunctions” OR (Dysfunction AND Psychosexual) OR (Dysfunctions AND Psychosexual) OR “Psychosexual Dysfunction” OR “Psychosexual Disorders” OR (Disorder AND Psychosexual) OR (Disorders AND Psychosexual) OR “Psychosexual Disorder” OR “Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder” OR “Sexual Aversion Disorder” OR (Aversion Disorders AND Sexual) OR (Disorders AND Sexual Aversion) OR “Sexual Aversion Disorders” OR “Orgasmic Disorder” OR (Disorders AND Orgasmic) OR “Orgasmic Disorders” OR “Sexual Arousal Disorder” OR (Arousal Disorders AND Sexual) OR (Disorders AND Sexual Arousal) OR “Sexual Arousal Disorders” OR “Frigidity”). Results We found 2150 articles by literature search, after deleting duplicates 1760 remained. Fifty-six articles remained for meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of SD in MS patients estimated as 61% (95%CI:56–67%) (I2:95.7%, P < 0.001). The pooled prevalence of Anorgasmia in MS patients estimated as 29% (95%CI:20–39%) (I2:85.3%, P < 0.001). The pooled odds of developing SD in MS women estimated as 3.05(95%CI: 1.74–5.35) (I2:78.3%, P < 0.001). The pooled prevalence of decreased vaginal lubrication in MS patients estimated as 32%(95%CI:27–37%) (I2 = 94.2%, P < 0.001). The pooled prevalence of reduced libido was 48%(95%CI:36–61%) (I2:92.6%, P < 0.001). The pooled prevalence of arousal problems was 40%(95%CI: 26–54%) (I2:97.4%, P < 0.001). The pooled prevalence of intercourse satisfaction was 27% (95%CI: 8–46%) (I2:99%, P < 0.001). Conclusion The result of this systematic review and meta-analysis show that the pooled prevalence of SD in women with MS is 61% and the odds of developing SD in comparison with controls is 3.05.